Fat Chance Essay Example for Free

Fat Chance Essay Introduction to the use of computer-based statistical software packages and applications in the analysis and interpretation of the data. Topics include both descriptive statistics and inference methods. Software packages include EXCEL, Minitab, SAS and R. Prerequisite: MATH1107 OR MATH3332 OR ECON2300 OR STAT3125. (Kennesaw State University Undergraduate Catalog). Required Text All reading material is available free on our D2L website in the Resources folder. The manuals are the Basic Concepts Manual, Excel Manual, SPSS Manual, Minitab Manual, SAS Manual and R Manual. We will also be using the Supplemental Text written by Dr. Daniel Yanosky. It will be advantageous to use a flash drive in this class. It is not required, but highly advised to use one. 1 Learning Outcomes Students will receive instruction in the four major data analysis software packages listed above. Upon successful completion of this course, students will be able to use each of these packages to: ? Function as an informed user and critical consumer of statistics able to answer questions in an intelligent, informed, and insightful manner and pose intelligent questions concerning data, data analysis, and software use. ? Obtain and correctly  interpret the measures of central tendency and dispersion of a data set. ? Generate and correctly interpret a variety of graphics for both univariate and multivariate analyses. ? Generate random numbers and use them to perform Simple Random Sampling. ? Generate and correctly interpret confidence intervals. ? Represent themselves as proficient in each of these packages in a job interview or professional environment. Moreover, students will be able to do the following irrespective of computer software: ? ? ? ? ? Identify types of statistical variables. Differentiate the roles of explanatory and response variables. State a proper research hypothesis. Choose an appropriate statistical analysis for a given situation. Summarize and communicate analysis results through a professional document. Course Website Materials We will be using D2L exclusively for this course. Quizzes, assignments, the textbook, additional readings,videos and other materials are posted there. Students are expected to check their D2L email account on a daily basis. In order to understand fully the organization of the course and how to navigate the website, the student should read all documents and watch all videos in the Start Here learning module. Communication The preferred method of communication is through the D2L e-mail. The instructor will answer all e-mails as soon as possible. This should be within 24 hours during the week and by Monday morning for weekends. There may be exceptions. 2 Grading Policy Each students final course grade will be determined based on their performance on the following: Class Component Quizzes (7) Homework 1 Homework 2 Final Project Percentage of Final Grade 10% 25% 30% 35% Letter Grade A B C D F Percentile Grade 90% 100% 80% 89% 70% 79% 60% 69% Below 60% Quizzes Required Readings. Completion of required readings will be assessed through timed online quizzes on D2L. Students are provided study guides to be completed while reading. These should be completed and available when taking the quizzes. Students are not allowed to collaborate on the quizzes. However, because they are online, they are essentially open book, open note quizzes. Use your quiz study guides. A total of seven (7) quizzes will be administered. With the exception of the syllabus quiz, each student will have two attempts with 15 minutes to complete the quiz (10 questions). If you have completed the study guide, it will be easy to score well on these quizzes. For the syllabus quiz, each student will have 30 minutes and two attempts. You will be required to use the Respondus LockDown Browser when taking all quizzes. Instructions on how to download this browser will appear the first time that you take a quiz. Homework Assignments Two (2) homework assignments are scheduled for the semester. Timely completion of all homework assignments is required. Homework must be submitted via D2L by midnight on the due date specified in the course schedule in order to receive full credit. Homework may be submitted up to 1 day late with a penalty of 15 points. After that time, no homework will be accepted. Students are encouraged to work together in groups and discuss problems and their answers for homework assignments ONLY. Nonetheless, all work submitted to the instructor must be an authentic product of each individual student. In other words, if you collaborate with someone else on an assignment, it is best to work together at first, but then separate and write your final product on your 3 own. Please ask questions if this expectation is not clear. Homework assignments may be checked on TurnItIn. Ensure that your final product is your original work. If evidence arises that a student has submitted someone elses work as their own or has committed some other academic violation of the University Code of Conduct, the instructor reserves the right to apply any academic penalty up to and including a failing grade (i. e. , â€Å"F) for the class. In any case, the student will be referred to the University Judiciary Program for formal documentation and/or charges. The charges and penalty decided by the University Judiciary Program may be different and/or more severe than that of the instructor. Final Project The final project will be performed using SAS. A complete data analysis will be performed and a professional report prepared. There will be no collaboration on this project. Final Projects will not be accepted after the due date. Further information concerning the final project is posted in the Drop Box on D2L. Attendance You are allowed to miss two days without penalty. Upon the third absence, you will lose one (1) letter grade†¦NO EXCEPTIONS. Attendance will be recorded twice during each class. It is your responsibility to sign the attendance record when you enter the room. Because it is disruptive and distracting to the other students for you to arrive late or leave early, repeated incidences will need to be addressed. If you are more than 15 minutes late, you will be marked absent. You may not leave early unless you have discussed the reason with me before class. There is no distinction made between excused and unexcused absences: A student is either in attendance or not. Please do not bring excuses to class. A student who misses a class is responsible for all material missed. This class will only meet 8 times; therefore, attendance is important to your success in the class. It is essential that you are in class on time with the computer booted up, the materials that you need for class downloaded from D2L and signed on to Citrix (when appropriate). If you are late, you will be behind. I will be opening the classroom between 7:45 and 8:00 so that you can be in class and prepared by 8:00. The class will not slow down or wait for late arrivals. The material that we cover in class is not the material covered in the videos. You are responsible for both elements of the class. 4 Technology ? Students must have access to the course website and be able to download appropriate materials from that site. If you are having problems with access, try a different browser. Also, make sure that you have the most recent version of Java installed on your computer. ? Students are expected to use the software applications via the KSU Citrix server in order to complete homework and other assignments. The website is https://science-citrix2. kennesaw. edu/Citrix/XenApp/auth/login. aspx ? The Excel Manual covers Excel 2010. We will only use 2010 in class, If you do not have 2010 or 2007, you will need to use a school computer or the Excel program offered on the Citrix server. There is little to no difference in Excel 2007 and Excel 2010. The same instructions will work for both. ? Students will need a media player installed on their computers. If you don’t have one, you can download one free on the internet. Some websites where you may obtain these are listed below: VLC http://www. videolan. org/vlc/ KSU KSU has free software downloads for students. Visit the website and see what is available for you. https://apps. kennesaw. edu/portal/prod/app_uni_sso/login. asp ? If you use a Mac, you will find that some of the functionalities of Excel are not the same, or may not work. If this happens to you, use Citrix, find a friend with a PC or use one of the school computers. This is not an excuse for your homework product to be inferior or late. If you have technology problems, o Call the IT help desk, 770-499-3555 or visit the walk-in STS Helpdesk, BB475. o For D2L, call 866-588-5293. o For Citrix, fill out a ticket using the link on the log-in page. If you do not get a response within 24 hours, let me know and I will check with them for you. ? 5 Classroom Policies Procedures 1. The instructor holds the following expectations for all students. (a) Show respect for other class members at all times. (b) Uphold the University Code of Conduct. (c)Participate in class activities in such a way as to maximize learning opportunities for yourself and others. (d) Arrive to class on time and prepared This includes both academic preparation (i. e. , having completed required readings and watched the assigned videos, being prepared to discuss topics and otherwise participate in class activities when appropriate) 2. The students name, â€Å"STAT 3010. 01, the date, and the assignment type and number (e. g. , â€Å"HW3) should appear at the top right hand corner of the TITLE page of all products submitted to the instructor for evaluation. 3. Ringing cell phones will NOT be tolerated in class. If you elect to bring your cell phone to class, SILENCE it and put it away (out of sight). Texting, etc. in class will result in the student being requested to turn the phone off. All cell phones will be placed in backpacks, out of sight, for the duration of the class. 4. Talking to other students during the lecture will result in your being asked to leave the classroom. 5. At the end of class, log off of the program you are using, log off of Citrix and log off of the computer (Do not turn it off. ), carefully lower the screen and push your chair in. Suggestions for Academic Success The class is purposefully designed so that if you do the following, you will succeed: 1. Read, take notes and study the required reading. 2. Complete the study guides and use them when taking the D2L quizzes. 3. Watch the assigned videos and come to class prepared to perform related activities and to answer questions about the videos. 4. Attend class. 5. Participate actively in class. 6 6. Practice what we have learned in class each day. 7. Work on the associated homework while referencing the reading, your notes, the videos and optionally working with your classmates. Be sure to follow the homework instructions and guidelines specified in Part 1 of the 3010 Supplemental Text. Use the posted sample papers, when available, on D2L as models for your work. Use the rubric. 8. Submit all work on time through D2L. 9. Watch the videos and use the associated teaching notes, when they are available. The videos cover different material than we cover in class. 10. Do not procrastinate! WITHDRAWAL FROM THE UNIVERSITY OR FROM INDIVIDUAL COURSES AND ACADEMIC INTEGRITY Summer Term, 2013. Withdrawal Students who find that they cannot continue in college for the entire semester after being enrolled, because of illness or any other reason, need to complete an online form. To completely or partially withdraw from classes at KSU, a student must withdraw online at www. kennesaw. edu, under Owl Express, Student Services. The date the withdrawal is submitted online will be considered the official KSU withdrawal date which will be used in the calculation of any tuition refund or refund to Federal student aid and/or HOPE scholarship programs. It is advisable to print the final page of the withdrawal for your records. Withdrawals submitted online prior to midnight on the last day to withdraw without academic penalty will receive a â€Å"W† grade. Withdrawals after midnight will receive a â€Å"WF†. Failure to complete the online withdrawal process will produce no withdrawal from classes. Call the Registrar’s Office at 770-423-6200 during business hours if assistance is needed. Students may, by means of the same online withdrawal and with the approval of the university Dean, withdraw from individual courses while retaining other courses on their schedules. This option may be exercised up until June 28th,2013. This is the date to withdraw without academic penalty for Summer Term, 2013 classes. Failure to withdraw by the date above will mean that the student has elected to receive the final grade(s) earned in the course(s). The only exception to those withdrawal regulations will be for those instances that involve unusual and fully documented circumstances 7. Academic Integrity Every KSU student is responsible for upholding the provisions of the Statement of Student Rights and Responsibilities, as published in the Undergraduate and Graduate Catalogs. Section II of the Student Code of Conduct addresses the Universitys policy on academic honesty, including provisions regarding plagiarism and cheating, unauthorized access to University materials, misrepresentation/falsification of University records or academic work, malicious removal, retention, or destruction of library materials, malicious/intentional misuse of computer facilities and/or services, and misuse of student identification cards. Incidents of alleged academic misconduct will be handled through the established procedures of the University Judiciary Program, which includes either an informal resolution by a faculty member, resulting in a grade adjustment, or a formal hearing procedure, which may subject a student to the Code of Conducts minimal one semester suspension requirement. Final Notes ? ? This syllabus is subject to change at the sole discretion of the instructor. Any changes will be announced class-wide in a timely manner. In compliance with the Americans with Disabilities act, qualified students with a disability may be entitled to reasonable accommodations. It is the students responsibility to disclose to the teacher any approved accommodations she/he may have before the end of the first week of class, or within a week of any change of status during the semester. .You will need to provide documentation of your disability to the disAbled Student Support Services office, located in the Student Center room 267, and obtain a list of approved accommodations. IMPORTANT: I am available to help you when you need help. Simply email me and set up a time to meet with me. WARNING! Poor planning and procrastination on your part does not create a crisis on mine. Make sure that you plan and work ahead so that there will be time to ask the questions and for me to respond. ? 8 Additional Information Writing professionally is a major part of this class. It is important to be able to communicate your statistical findings. Incorrect grammar and misspelled words can and will cause a reduction in points on your homework. If you know that this is a problem, the following resources are available: The Writing Center (for all students) http://www. kennesaw. edu/writingcenter/ ESL Study Tutorial Center (International students) The ESL Study Tutorial Center (University College, Department of University Studies) will be open in the fall Monday through Thursday from 9 AM to 5 PM. At the ESL Study Center, we offer the following services and programs for international students: tutoring in writing, reading, and pronunciation; general education academic advising and registration assistance; the Michigan Test of English Language Proficiency entrance examination; and the Conversation Partners Program, which matches international students with native English-speaking faculty, staff, and students in an exchange of languages and cultures. The ESL Study Center is located in Library Room 442. Please tell your colleagues and the international students in your classes about the ESL Study and Tutorial Center. For further information, please contact David Schmidt at [emailprotected] edu or 770-423-6377. 9 The syllabus and/or schedule is subject to change at the sole discretion of the instructor. Any changes in the syllabus or the schedule will be announced in class and via e-mail. It is important that you check your e-mail daily. You will not receive grades for Homework if you have not returned this form. Course Syllabus Review Statement and Signature Form. I have carefully read the syllabus for STAT 3010/01, Spring Semester 2013, and have had the opportunity to ask the instructor any questions I may have about it. I understand it contents, including the course requirements and grading policy. _____________________________________________ Print Name _______________________________ Signature _________________________ Date Acknowledgment and Acceptance of Academic Integrity Statement In any academic community, certain standards and ethical behavior are required to ensure the unhindered pursuit of knowledge and the free exchange of ideas. Academic honesty means that you respect the right of other individuals to express their views and opinions, and that you, as a student, not engage in plagiarism, cheating, illegal access, misuse or destruction of college property, or falsification of college records or academic work. As a member of the Kennesaw State University academic community you are expected to adhere to these ethical standards. You are expected to read, understand and follow the code of conduct as outlined in the KSU graduate and undergraduate catalogs. You need to be aware that if you are found guilty of violating these standards you will be subject to certain penalties as outlined in the college judiciary procedures. These penalties include permanent expulsion from KSU. Read the Academic Integrity Statement and then sign and date in the space below. You are required to abide by these ethical standards while you are a student at KSU. Your signature indicates that you understand the ethical standards expected of you in this academic community, and that you understand the consequences of violating these standards. ___________________________________ Print Name ___________________________________ Signature 10 _________________________ Date STAT 3010/01 Tentative Schedule This schedule is subject to change at the sole discretion of the instructor. Any changes will be announced in class and an e-mail will be sent on D2L. The information in grey is the portion of the class to be covered online each week. It can be done at your convenience, although it is listed on Tuesday. The time spent watching the videos is no more than 2. 5 hours, in most cases. This is the day that you would have spent in class. If you do not complete the tasks for the online day, you will not be prepared for the next inclass day. The readings and quizzes are homework. Reading is an important part of being prepared for this class. The quizzes are over the reading. There are study guides posted. If you fill these out as you read, you will find that most of the quiz questions are on the study guide. There are also teaching notes posted for the Excel and Minitab videos. It is highly advised that you use the notes as you are watching the videos. All work is to be submitted through D2L. All quizzes are taken on D2L. The quizzes will close at 8:00 AM on the date listed and will not be reopened. You have two attempts. This will cover the event that your internet freezes during one of your attempts. Because this is an applied class, there are no tests in this class; but as you can see, there is a lot of reading and work to be done. Your homework assignments should be treated with the same level of seriousness as a test would be. You may work in study groups; however, the work you turn in should be your original product. Homework papers will be randomly selected to be submitted to Turnitin to check for plagiarism. When watching the R videos, use the student R Lessons and type in the code to use in class. If you have not done this prior to class, you will not be able to participate in class. We will be using the code that you create while watching the videos to complete tasks in class. When watching the SAS videos, use the student SAS Lessons and type in the code to use in class. If you have not done this prior to class, you will not be able to participate in class. We will be using the code that you create while watching the videos to complete tasks in class. Final Note: There are basic statistics review videos and videos explaining interpretation of graphics/tables on D2L in the Resources module. 11 LEARNING MODULE 1: EXCEL COVERAGE The days in white are days in class and the days in gray are the online days. Class Date Class Coverage Videos Coverage Homework/Assignments All Quizzes are due at 8 am on the morning listed. Quiz 0 is over the syllabus. Quizzes 1 – 6 are over your reading assignments. If you complete the study guide as you read and use it to take the quiz. , you should do well on these. Due today: Read the Basic Concepts Manual (use the Quiz 1 study guide) Supplemental Text Ch. 1,2 4 Take Quiz 0 and Quiz 1. These quizzes are due at 8:00 AM on Monday, June th 11 due to add/drop) 1 Thurs. Introduction to class/Syllabus 05/30 Review of basic statistics Statistics Videos are available in the Resources Learning Module. If there is a concept that you don’t understand or want to review further, refer to these videos. Introduction to Excel Formatting Tables Using Microsoft Equation Data Analysis Tab Descriptive Statistics Histograms Frequency Tables The If Statement Stratified Analysis Pie Charts Bar Charts Contingency Tables More Contingency Tables Stacked Bar Charts 100% Stacked Bar Charts Random Number Generation and Sampling Confidence Intervals Sample Size 2 Tues. 06/04 Excel Video 1. 0 (13:50 min) Excel Video 1. 1 (7:34 min) Excel Video 1. 2 (7:34 min) Excel Video 1. 3 (10:. 29 min) Excel Video 1. 4 (12:36 min) Excel Video 1. 5 (8:30 min) Excel Video 2. 1 (9:50 min) Excel Video 3. 1 (9:01 min) Excel Video 3. 2 (3:36 min) Excel Video 3. 3 (4:53 min) Excel Video 3. 4 (8:08 min) Excel Video 3. 4B () Excel Video 3. 5 (4:35 min) Excel Video 4. 1. (5:56 min) Excel Video 4. 2 (9:22 min) Excel Video 4. 3 (2:48 min) 3 Thurs. Basic Statistics Review 06/06 Discuss homework expectations and how to make an A in the class. Due today: Read the Excel Manual (use the Quiz 2 study guide) Supplemental Text Parts 3 5 8:00 AM Quiz 0 (syllabus/schedule quiz) Quiz 1 (Excel quiz) Quiz 2 (R quiz) 12 LEARNING MODULE 2: R The days in white are days in class and the days in gray are the online days. Class 4 Date Tues. 06/11 Class Coverage R Video 1 (3:07 min) Video Coverage Downloading Installing R Launching R R Basics R as Calculator Manually Entering Data in R Opening Working With Script Importing Data R Help Pages Saving the Work Space Loading a Previously Saved Workspace Variable Naming Convention the attach() function Subsetting Data Importing Data Subsetting Measures of Central Tendency Frequency Tables. Homework/Assignments All homework/assignments should be completed by the data on which they appear. R Video 2 Work on Homework 1, due at midnight on Saturday, June 15th. R Video 3 (8:10 min) R Video 4 (15:40 min) R Video 5. 1 (12:37 min) R Video 5. 2 (7:13 min) R Video 5. 3 (11:09) 5 Thurs. 06/13 Questions on Excel Introduction to R R Activity Due today: Read R Manual (use the study guide) 8:00 AM Quiz 3 (over the R reading) Bring Code from Videos 2,3, 4 and 5 to class. Saturday 06/15 Homework 1 is due at midnight. If you have problems with the submission, e-mail the document to me immediately. The box will close at midnight. It will be reopened the morning of 6/16 for late submissions. It will close to all submissions at midnight on 6/16. 13 LEARNING MODULE 2: R continued Class 6 Date Tues. 6/18 Class Coverage Video Coverage Homework/Assignments R Video 6 (11:34 min) R Video 7 (13:35 min) R Video 8 (21:05 min) R Video 9 (21:06 min) R Video 10 Measures of Dispersion Visualization of Univariate Data Visualization of Multivariate Data Random Number Generation and SRS Confidence Intervals Due today: Read the Minitab Manual 7 Thurs. 6/20 R Activity R Lab Day (Use Quiz 4 Study Guide) Supplemental Text Parts 6 7 8:00 AM: Quiz 4 (Minitab) LEARNING MODULE 2: Minitab The days in white are days in class and the days in gray are the online days. Class 8 Date Tues. 6/25 Videos for this week are continued on page 15 (SAS) Class Coverage Minitab Video 1 ( 9:59 min) Mintab Video 2 (6:28 min). Minitab Video 3 (2:13min) Minitab Video 4 (7:23 min) Minitab Video 5 (2:25 min) Minitab Video 6 (3:24 min) Minitab Video 7 (5:53 min) Minitab Video 8 (2:44 min) Minitab Video 9 (8:36 min) Minitab Video 10 (4:27 min) Minitab Video 11 (4:03 min) Minitab Video 12 (2:49 min) Minitab Video 13 (6:06 min) Minitab Video 14 (7:37 min) Minitab Video 15 (4:28 min) Videos Data Management Descriptive Statistics Recoding Variables Stratified Analysis Frequency Tables Categorizing Quantitative Variables Pie Charts Ordering Ordinal Variables Bar Charts Boxplots Histograms Scatterplots Contingency Tables Random Number Generation Confidence Intervals. Homework/Assignments Work on Homework 2 14 LEARNING MODULE 3: SAS SQL The days in white are days in class and the days in gray are the online days. Class 8 Cont’d 9 Date 6/25 Thurs. 6/27 Class Coverage SAS Video 0 (7:35 min) SAS Video 1 (19:35 min) SAS Video 2 (12:47) Introduction to SAS Libraries Practice using the code that you received in Videos 0-2. Video Coverage Introduction to SAS SAS Libraries Importing Data Note: Have the code from Videos 1 2 ready to use in class today. Homework/Assignments Due Today: Read The SAS Manual (Use Quiz 5 Study Guide) Quiz 5 (SAS) 8:00 AM 10 Fri. 6/28 Tues. 7/2 Last Day To Withdraw Without Penalty SAS Video 3 (19:17 min) SAS Video 4 (15:34 min) SAS Video 5 (8:24 min) SAS Video 6 (13:32 min) SAS Video 7 (4:16 min) SAS Video 8 (10:21 min) SAS Video 9 (9:49 min) SAS Video 10 (7:07) No Class Today Descriptive Statistics Stratified Analysis Frequency Tables Formatting Contingency Tables Pie Charts Bar Charts Stacked Bar Charts, 100% Stacked Bar Charts Histograms, Grouped Histograms Boxplots, Side-by-side boxplots. Reminder: Homework 2 is due at midnight tonight. 11 Thurs. 7/04 Select your dataset for the final project. You will find the information for data selection in the Data Selection document on D2L. Only one person may use each dataset. They will be assigned first come/first served. Please email me your first three choices in order. You will receive a confirmation from me by email. 15 12 Tues. 7/09 SAS Video 11 (14:24 min) SAS Video 12 (7:52 min) 13 Thurs. 7/11. SAS Video 13 (11:46 min) SAS Video 14 (15:13 min) Practice activities using the Note: Have the code from Videos 1 – 14 code you received in ready to use in class today. Videos 1 – 14. Random Samples Confidence Intervals Stratified Confidence Intervals Exporting Data Sampling Confidence Intervals Due Today: Read SAS Prep Guide Little SAS Book (Use Quiz 6 Study Guide) Quiz 6 ( SAS Prep Guide Little SAS Book) 8:00 AM: 14 Tues. 7/16 SAS V 15 SQL V 1 (18:17 min) SQL V 2 (29:01 min) Macros Introduction to SQL SAS SQL. Your data set for the final project should be submitted for approval by today. After this date, there will be a five point deduction from your project grade. Work on your Final Project 15 Thurs. 7/18 Tues. 7/23 Tues. 7/23 SAS Lab Day Extra Lab Day 8:00AM – 10:45AM Bring your final project to class to work on. Bring all code that you have collected in this unit. Attendance is required unless you have turned in your Final Project. I will be available in our classroom to give last minute help with your project. Your final project is due today at midnight. No Late Submissions Will Be Accepted.

Motivation, Communication and Leadership Theory Essay -- Business and

Motivation, Communication and Leadership Theory In this essay I will discuss the various different theories on motivation such as scientific management e.g. Taylor as well the humans relation approach such as Maslow and Herzberg and how they relate to organisations improving their overall effiencentcy. Another aspect that I will discuss in the following essay will also be how communication can affect the productivity of a company, I will also relate this to motivational theory. The final aspect of my essay that I will include is discussing how different leadership styles can affect the overall productivity of a given company. One motivation theory that some companies used to use was the scientific approach, this was put forward by Taylor. It was mainly used in the late 1800’s and early 1900’s. Taylor developed his theory while he was working his way up from labourer to works manager in an US steel mill. His theory states that man is a rational economic animal concerned with maximising his economic gain. He also stated that people respond as individuals not groups and he believed people could be treated in a standardised fashion like machines. The basic principle that is underlying this approach is if you study what happens when you the change different variables in a situation, this will tell you how best to organise the work force. This theory as mentioned before relies on the fact that human beings will act rationally and respond to the available incentives. The whole of Taylor’s theory is based on the fact that he believes human are solely motivated by money. I believe that this motivational theory is flawed to a certain degree because people do not just work for money they also work to socialise and many other factors like earning respect from fellow employees. Taylor’s theory is based on the fact that your pay should be linked to your output. This prospect does not appeal to all people as we are different in many ways, it may also lead to employees cutting corners to make it appear they have done more than they have. This is counter productive to increasing productivity because then the product is just of sub standard quality and most of the time quality is more important than quantity in business. Taylors theory was mainly used in the late 1800’s and early 1900’s this shows that his theory is out of date and ... ...utcome will be the positive one you want. I think that if this theory was used in conjunction with the previous two theories it could benefit some companies very well if they applied if correctly. It would lead to an increase in productivity even though this may only be in the short term, but with regular training courses and interactions with the people at the top of the company this increased level of productivity could be kept at the increased level with benefit to employer and employee. There are three main types of leadership one is an autocratic leader. This type of leader will take important decisions without consulting colleague’s who are lower down the hierarchy. This may in general decrease the productivity of employees lower than the leader and this in turn will lower the productivity on the company overall. The main reason for this is the fact that the employees lower down the hierarchy will not feel valued because there input is not required in decision making even though they will undoubtedly have valid points to put forward. This will lead to decreased productivity because they feel less valued because they are not at the level in the hierarchy.

Dickens uses language Essay

When Mrs Gradgrind passes away in chapter nine, Dickens uses language to create sadness. Victorians loved sadness and tragedy in books and the portrayal of her death is done very emotionally. She is firstly described in the chapter as â€Å"helpless† and â€Å"feeble† to which the reader empathises with her. All people hate to see people they love and cherish grow old and weak and Dickens is brilliant in displaying the image of this. â€Å"The poor lady was nearer truth then she ever had been† This shows how Dickens disliked the utilitarian system, stating that Mrs Gradgrind’s nearest point of truth was on her death bed. As well as showing Dickens’s view, it also saddens the reader to know how close to death she is. On being told that â€Å"Lady Bounderby† had arrived, she retorted that â€Å"she had never called Bounderby by that name since he married Louisa† and that her choice of name for him was â€Å"J†. This will take the reader back to when she had no idea what to call him, and the memory is a nice one which again makes it sadder that she is dying. It also shows that she has not changed and is still the woman she used to be. She seems to â€Å"have no pulse†, but when Louisa kisses her hand, she can see â€Å"a thin thread of life† left in her. This description is again emotional as it shows how little life there is left in Mrs Gradgrind. Within the conversation between Louisa and her mother, Mrs Gradgrind often goes very â€Å"silent† for periods of time and has an â€Å"awful lull on her face, like one who was floating away on some great water† and â€Å"content to be carried down the stream†. This clever piece of descriptions meaning is that Mrs Gradgrind is slowly allowing herself to be carried into the â€Å"abyss† of death. But Louisa â€Å"recalls her† to ask what it was she wanted to speak to her about. The use of this river terminology is used again as Louisa again tries to stop her mother from â€Å"floating away†. Mrs Gradgrind is troubled because of what Louisa has not learned. She has learnt all the â€Å"ologies† from â€Å"day until night† but there is â€Å"something that her father missed,† She asked Louisa for a pen but â€Å"even the power of relentlessness had gone†. Even so, she â€Å"fancied that her request had been complied with and that the pen she could not have was held in her hand†. From this she began to â€Å"trace upon her wrappers†. It is very sad to see how Mrs Gradgrind is finally seeing the truth and wants Louisa too to see it but she cannot tell her and â€Å"the light that had always been so feeble and dim behind the weak transparency, went out† The figurative language used to describe both her weakness and death creates a solemn, melancholy surrounding and although she was never made to be a character the reader was so fond of, it is still saddening that she has passed away. It ends with a quote of religious terminology from the Psalm, Mrs Gradgrind â€Å"emerged from the shadow in which man walketh and disquieteth himself in vain†. This quote has a definite platonic reference to it as in Plato’s analogy of the cave, the prisoners who have seen shadows all their lives (which symbolise the visual world) needed to escape from the illusion created by their senses and find the truth. Throughout this section of the book, Mrs Gradgrind is said to be â€Å"closer to the truth then ever before† and â€Å"emerged from the shadow† so the Platonic reference is defiantly there. Mrs Sparsit resented Louisa from the moment she accepted the proposal from Mr Bounderby. It had been her plan all along to marry Mr Bounderby but this had been taken from her and her envy towards Louisa was immense. In chapter ten, Mrs Sparsit’s envy and grief are shown to be getting out of control and she, in her mind â€Å"erects a mighty staircase† that she believes Louisa to be on. At the bottom is a â€Å"dark pit of shame and ruin† and â€Å"down those stairs, from day to day and hour to hour, she saw Louisa coming†. Her physiological instability can be seen as she becomes obsessed with this ides, â€Å"it became the business of Mrs Sparsit’s life, to look up at her staircase, and to watch Louisa coming down†. If Louisa had once turned back, â€Å"it might have been the death of Mrs Sparsit in spleen and grief†. Mr Harthouse was a big part of this scheme, as he seemed to be â€Å"wooing† Louisa and the more time she spent with him, the closer she got to the bottom. â€Å"Mrs Sparsit had no intension of interrupting the descent† and was â€Å"eager to see it accomplished†. â€Å"She kept her wary gaze upon the stairs, and seldom so much as darkly shook her light mitten at the figure coming down. This scene does not bring sadness to the reader, but instead a certain amount of empathy to Louisa. She seems to be in the crossfire of everyone yet she is one of the most innocent of all. As she has rarely experienced emotions due to her â€Å"ology† filled bring up, she does not know how to react to Mr Harthouse who except in kindness as she believes he is being kind and honest to her. Yet his plan is to seduce her, and this is not out of love or passion, but to give him a challenge to fulfil. Mrs Sparsit wants her to fall into a pit of â€Å"shame and ruin† out of her own jealousy yet again, Louisa has no knowledge of this and has done nothing wrong to provoke it. There is a definite repetition throughout the chapter of Louisa’s â€Å"downfall† from the top to the bottom of the stairs which shows that, although patient, Mrs Sparsit is in no way stable and is becoming more and more addicted to this allegorical image in her mind. She watches Louisa like a hawk, waiting for her to make a mistake and get â€Å"nearer and nearer to the bottom†. In chapter twelve, Louisa goes home to seek her father. The chapter is bares huge turning points in the book as it marks the spark of emotion ignite in Louisa and Mr Gradgrind see the error of his system. The storm outside creates a pathetic fallacy with the mood inside the room. Louisa is described as â€Å"dishevelled†, â€Å"defiant† and â€Å"despairing† which is a shock as she has never had such vast emotive descriptions until then in the book. She first states to her father that â€Å"he has trained her from the cradle,† It is sad to see that she uses the word trained instead of loved or cherished as it makes her sound more like a dog then a daughter to him. She then bursts out with â€Å"I curse the hour in which I was born to such a destiny†. Her emotions have been unleashed and she is now angry, in despair and confused of what to do. She is dishevelled and has returned home to question her father on her life and its meaning. This is not sad for the reader, but it is very traumatising for Louisa which again creates empathy for her as she has finally realised the error in how she has been brought up. She asks him â€Å"Where are the graces of my soul? Where are the sentiments of my heart? What have you done O father, what have you done with the garden that should have bloomed once?† This metaphoric language shows her outburst of imagination and her exercise of â€Å"fancy†. She is asking him where is the love and emotion she does not have, and what he has done to stop her â€Å"strive against every natural prompting that has arisen in her heart†. Mr Gradgrind is â€Å"so unprepared† that he has difficulty answering and when he does, it is only to say â€Å"Yes, Louisa†. She goes on to say that she does not â€Å"reproach† him, as â€Å"what he has never nurtured in her, he has never nurtured in himself†. This creates a lot of respect and empathy for her as she is not condemning her father after all the years of no emotion and too much learning. It can be seen that this strive to teach him his errors is making an effect as he â€Å"bows his head upon his hand and groans aloud† and calls her â€Å"poor child†, realising the mistakes he has made. She asks him whether he would have â€Å"doomed her† to a life of loneliness or â€Å"robbed her† of how she should have been had he nurtured her differently if he could see how she would turn out. She then states that if he had ignored and hated her, how better off she might have been as she would have been â€Å"free†. She has been won over to the world of imagination and fancy. Throughout the chapter, he moves to support her as she is letting herself out and he actually begins to give her attention and love as a good father should. It is ironic that his child who he has taught his system to is the child who shows how insensible it really is. To conclude, Dickens uses language and dramatic disasters to create sadness throughout the second book. In 1854, the time at which the book was written, people loved romantic tragedy and trauma which the second book has with both Rachel and Stephan, and Mr Harthouse and Louisa. The death of Mrs Gradgrind is another tragedy which Dickens portrays well and is very emotional. He uses the metaphor of life as a river in which we all just drift down until the end and these uses of language as well as others he uses throughout the book are methods which Dickens uses to sadden the reader. The final scene in which Louisa lets out her emotions upon her father, condemning the day she was born and questioning his motives which lead her to be so dispassionate.

Different Morals, Attitudes, and Goals with Changing...

As generations come and go, I’ve noticed that each generation has grown up with different morals, attitudes, and goals for their life. Which puts a gap on all these generations, each generation is very distinct in their own ways. With each new generation being shaped and molded by the previous one, by offering more and more to help them. Now when you look at my generation now and the new one slowly coming up as well, you can see that we have been turned into a selfish, lazy, and even rude generation. If you look back on our older generations, they were never handed anything. Everything they wanted they had to work hard for an even struggle doing it. In this day and age it seems all anyone looks for is hand-outs, no one wants to work hard for anything and achieve it. Everyone looks for the shortcuts through life, when there are none. Another reason why things are so much easier for this generation is the new technology we have available. With all the new technology and so much help from our previous generations, it has gave this generation a different attitude and not so much in a good way. This generation’s attitude has been infected with laziness, selfishness, and greed. It seems that most people in my generation today is very and only self-focused. They are all worried about how much money they can make and care about only what they want, and how quick they can obtain it. I feel as though previous generations have made our life so much easier, we take it forShow MoreRelatedDifferences in Values by Generation1315 Words   |  6 Pagesacross generations? How so? Answer: Yes, values differ from generation to generation. INTRODUCTION There is a serious new problem in the most environments, and it has nothing to do with crime, employment or finance. Instead, it is the problem of distinct generations attempting to work together and often colliding as their paths cross. 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