The Effects of Violent Video Games on Children Essay

The Effects of Violent Video Games on Children - Essay Example This has many negative impacts on the person which is uncovered; paying little mind to age. One of the parts of the negative impact a lot of time spent playing rough computer games has been appeared to impact contrarily upon a scope of medical problems inside such gatherings. Despite the fact that the negative wellbeing influences have been a subject of much ongoing conversation, the communicated motivation behind this exploration investigation will be to draw a degree of surmising upon the manner by which viciousness spoke to inside computer games influences the brains, standpoint, brain science, and world-see understanding of the pre-adult review crowd. Likewise, it will be the express reason for this concise examination to stand firm concerning the effects that computer game savagery has upon the young people of the current period just as try to infer a degree of culpability with respect to the activities taken by teenagers that have been impacted by brutality in computer games. I t is the expectation of this writer that by giving a factious article key components of examination from a wide range of sources that the peruser will have the option to reach a progressively educated resolution with respect to the general effects that computer game savagery manages upon young people and upon society all in all. In spite of the fact that savagery has consistently been a discernable and noticeable piece of the human experience, the multiplication of brutality in computer games has given a change in perspective in the way that the investor, to be specific teenagers, draw in with a comprehension of this portrayal inside the truth of culture and amusement that such a medium speaks to. Eventually, the extension and level of the brutality that is spoken to alongside the expanded all out survey/playing hours that young people inside society are drawing in with implies that the level and degree to which this savagery is spoken to has expanded exponentially after some time. Nonetheless, before diving further into the idea of brutality and its impact as spoke to inside computer games, it is critical to qualify that paying little mind such that viciousness inside media could have on the individual, it can't and ought not be accused for all surviving savagery that exists because of the way that brutality and its portrayal inside human culture has far originated before the principal show of TV or computer games when all is said in done. To put it plainly, this exponential development makes a one of a kind dynamic with respect to generally speaking effect and request that whatever hypothesis which is utilized to characterize this is completely insightful and mindful of the exponential size of viciousness which is being talked about. One of the most significant parts of the impacts of the media on the juvenile brain is the manner by which it causes a level of presentation and acknowledgment of fierce activities as a sensible and anticipated methods for compr omise. Numerous examinations have investigated the blast of outrage and animosity gives that have been spoken to of late and made persuading connections and equals to the degree to which the portrayal of viciousness inside media, and explicitly computer games, have added to the ascent in the commonness of these issues. Notwithstanding, paying little heed to the specific investigation that has been dissected, most creators and scientists have concurred that kids and pre-adult presentation to viciousness has an essential impact in a definitive articulation of brutal conduct; or at any rate coordinates a comprehension among the investor that savage articulation is a satisfactory methods for strife

Death Penalty6 essays

Demise Penalty6 articles In national news today, a dark man from southern Texas was killed today. He was fiercely beaten and than roped to the rear of a get and hauled to his demise. This isnt very phenomenal to hear in todays news and in the event that anything I believe that we have become numb and gotten use to hearing things of this nature. I dont feel that violations are getting increasingly grim, yet it seems that they are getting progressively visit. Whichever way whether they are getting increasingly visit there is no remedy for the issue. There have been a lot of talks in the ongoing presidential discussions about capital punishment, and numerous conversations of George Bushes extravagant for it and by and large I simply need to concur. As I would see it in the event that you are strong and fearless enough to take someones life than you ought to be intense and courageous enough to surrender your own. To the individuals who remain against it I inquire as to Why? For certain its a strict issue, I have heard the expression, Well, nobody has the privilege to play god. Which is fine if that is the thing that you accept and there is nothing amiss with that, yet by and by I dont become tied up with the entire religion thing, I am not a blessed man, I have discovered nothing in my short 18 years here on this planet to demonstrate to me there is a divine being. I have seen no proof and Im not one of visually impaired confidence, which is what should have, however that is a completely unique subject. Others state, Well, a guilt less man could be murdered. The manner in which our administration works there are a lot of advances before the man is executed that on the off chance that he was honest Im sure that he could get off, the chances of that incident appear to be thin. In any case, it might be conceivable that capital punishment might be going off course, presently this is only a hypothesis that I have. Street pharmacists for instance are out on the road beginning posse wars and fundamentally going around and shooting one another. Th ... <!

PROJECT MANAGEMENT Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words - 1

Undertaking MANAGEMENT - Essay Example This requires a ‘leader’ to be designated for the transitory group of various individuals, whose sole goal is to satisfy the client’s prerequisites. Area 1 of the report manages the thinking with regards to why a client’s venture administrator must be named. Segment 2 recommends the type of obtainment strategy that is fitting for this venture. At long last, Section-3 shows a graphical portrayal of the calendar of the pre-development stage. Effective undertaking the executives is the way toward arranging, sorting out, coordinating and controlling the components of the venture to meet the task needs (T. C. Cornick, James Mather, 1999). Dealing with the development venture is tied in with dealing with the task data and correspondence stream. (The Evolution of Project Management in Construction Projects) Project administrators can emerge out of an assortment of foundations, however should have the fundamental abilities and skills to deal with all parts of the task from initiation to occupation. This job might be satisfied by an individual from the client’s association or by an outer arrangement (Pete McGarvey, 2002). The client’s venture chief whether ‘in-house’ or remotely selected, is the individual to play the job of coordinating and dealing with the brief ‘organization’, the sole motivation behind which is to satisfy the client’s venture targets (T. C. Cornick, James Mathe r). The significance of conveying equipped faculty with the right aptitudes to oversee ventures can't be over underlined. It is a key issue in limiting dangers to effective undertaking conveyance. The executives capacity is an aptitude which is portrayed of the accompanying abilities (Construction Works Procurement Guidance); Making and conveying information in development ventures is emphatically relying upon the task chief (Ingeborg Knauseder). The development of an office improvement, similar to some other development venture, includes a ton of

Apartheid in South Africa 3 Essay Example

Politically-sanctioned racial segregation in South Africa 3 Essay Example Politically-sanctioned racial segregation in South Africa 3 Essay Politically-sanctioned racial segregation in South Africa 3 Essay Politically-sanctioned racial segregation in South Africa How might you feel if when you came to class, you needed to sit in a particular region dependent on, let’s state the shade of your hair. This would imply that who you partner with would be founded on these trademark. My subject is exceptionally immense as it is spread over more than 46 years so today I’m going to address the side that follows the manner in which the blacks had to live and how they were viewed as lesser individuals. To lay it out plainly it was because of a long history of pilgrim rule just as Dutch and British imperialism. The fundamental speculation behind politically-sanctioned racial segregation was that albeit South Africa was a unitary country, it was included four racial gatherings. This started inner protection from which the administration reacted with detainment without preliminary and torment. Whites in their own eyes were viewed as advanced and in this way qualified for rule South Africa. So to start toward the start, during the lead up to the 1948 decisions the national party started to battle their thoughts on Apartheid and started to pass enactment on their laws soon after to going onto power. Ordering people started by isolating everybody into dark, white hued or Indian. Those in the hued bunch incorporated those of Bantu and European plummet. Authorities would perform tests to figure out which bunch somebody had a place with and frequently individuals from a similar family wound up in various gatherings. The East Asian populace was the hardest to order on the grounds that the equitable didn’t appear to fit into any gathering. The relatives of the chinese who came to Johannesburg in the late nineteenth century were delegated Indian and henceforth, non-white. Interestingly, migrants of Japan and South Korea were viewed as privileged whites and were given the title â€Å"worthy oriental gentlemen† and given indistinguishable benefits from whites. In South Africa under politically-sanctioned racial segregation, the blacks were deprived of their citizenships and became one 10 countries. The locals were victimized and enactment expressed where and how they should live, work, teach and blend. In 1949 blended relationships were disallowed between racial gatherings. At that point in 1953 the different conveniences act was passed which at last made separate ospitals, sea shores, transports, schools and colleges. Signs sketched out things plainly with wording, for example, â€Å"whites only† which applied to almost everything, even park seats. The administration at that point fixed existing laws driving South Africans to convey personality cards specifying their racial gathering, which forestalled the relocation of blacks into white South Africa. Blacks were disallowed from living in or visiting white towns without a grant. The Traveling without a pass implied that an individual was liable to capture. Blacks were not permitted to purchase alcohol, just a particular sort of brew. In 1952 a program of activity was propelled. By challenging laws, a dark association focused on mass captures which the administration would be not able to adapt to. At one phase Nelson Mandela lead a horde of 50 men down the lanes of a white town. From that point onward, the nation over dark individuals dismissed racial laws by doing things, for example, strolling through white just passages. Before the finish of the crusade the legislature had made 8,000 captures and had to loosen up its politically-sanctioned racial segregation laws however in the end returned more grounded than any time in recent memory. The concealment of socialism act emerged and Mandela was one of 20 attempted under the law and got multi month detainment and 2 years suspended sentence. A lot of white South Africans upheld the politically-sanctioned racial segregation laws yet it is critical to recall that between the 1970’s and 1980’s around 20% of voters were contradicted. Viciousness endured directly through to the 1994 races People needed to cast two votes, one for a national government and another for a common government. As a component of the new government structure every area was given a level of political force. This implied not all choices were made by the National Government. The administration of national solidarity was set up and the bureau was comprised of 12 ANC reps, 6 from the national party and 3 from another. Nelson Mandela turned into the main fairly chose president. From that point forward the 27th of April is commended as an open occasion known as opportunity day. www. un. organization/av/photograph/subjects/politically-sanctioned racial segregation. htm http://en. wikipedia. organization/wiki/Apartheid www-cs-understudies. stanford. edu/~cale/cs201/politically-sanctioned racial segregation. hist. html

Characterization of Having Anorexia Nervosa

Anorexia nervosa is a psycho rationale disease that is portrayed by stamped weight reduction, an exceptional dread of putting on weight, a mutilated self-perception, and amenorrhea (Johnson 1996). It principally influences immature young ladies and happens in around 0.2 to 1.3 percent of everybody (Johnson 1996). There are various entanglements of anorexia nervosa, including almost every organ framework, anyway most confusions might be switched when a sound healthful state is reestablished (Johnson 1996). Treatment includes dietary and mental restoration, and might be managed on an inpatient or outpatient premise (Johnson 1996). By the age of eighteen, in excess of 50 percent of females see themselves as excessively fat, in spite of having an ordinary weight, in this way it isn't amazing that the pervasiveness and rate paces of anorexia nervosa (and bulimia) will in general be higher in specific populaces, for example, school sororities (Johnson 1996). In this kind of condition, there is a high need put on slenderness and consuming less calories is a typical practice (Johnson 1996). This condition for the most part starts in immaturity to early adulthood, with beginning at a mean of 17 years old, anyway it has been accounted for in grade-younger students and moderately aged people (Johnson 1996). Anorexia nervosa only occasionally happens in creating nations, and is generally basic in industrialized social orders, for example, Great Britain, Sweden, Canada, and the United States, where nourishment is handily gotten and a high need is put on thinness (Johnson 1996). Patients with anorexia keep up a body weight under 85 percent of typical either through weight reduction or by refusal to make expected weight gains during times of ordinary development (Johnson 1996). Measures for anorexia nervosa as characterized in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, DSM-IV include: A.Refusal to keep up body weight at or over a negligibly ordinary load for age and tallness. B.Intense dread of putting on weight or getting fat. C.Disturbance in the manner by which one' body weight or shape is experienced, undue impact of body weight or shape on self-assessment, or forswearing of the reality of the present low body weight. D.In postmenarcheal females, amenorrhea, i.e., the nonappearance of in any event three successive menstrual cycles A lady is considered to have amenorrhea if her periods happen just after hormone, e.g., estrogen, organization (Johnson 1996). During the present scene of anorexia nervosa, the individual has routinely occupied with pigging out or cleansing conduct, i.e., self-prompted heaving or the abuse of intestinal medicines, diuretics or bowel purges (Johnson 1996). People with anorexia nervosa have their very own upset view weight and body-shape (Johnson 1996). A few people see themselves as overweight despite the fact that they are skinny, while other see just certain pieces of their body as fat (Johnson 1996). In spite of the fact that anorexia nervosa normally creates during immaturity, late-beginning sickness may rise in adulthood after effective pregnancies and kid raising (Tinker 1989). At the point when a patient's weight falls underneath 70 percent of perfect body weight, hospitalization and utilization of a nasogastric cylinder and hyperalimentation might be fundamental (Tinker 1989). Numerous grown-ups who have anorexia nervosa oppose a restless mental confirmation, anyway they can be overseen on an outpatient premise by a group comprising of the family doctor, a psychotherapist and a nutritionist (Tinker 1989). With cautious regard for principal ideas of care, interventional abilities and inspirational mentalities toward persistent consideration and recuperation, most patients with dietary issues can be relied upon to progress nicely, anyway the desire that each patient will grow completely ‘normal' practices and relational connections might be ridiculous (Tinker 1989). Julie K. O'Toole, M.D. answered to a gathering supported by the North Pacific Pediatric Society, that in spite of regular observations among clinical experts and the overall population, anorexia nervosa isn't a psychosocial illness, yet is a cerebrum issue and ought to be viewed all things considered (Finn 2005). O'Toole claims she has treated youngsters who were self-taught on ranches with no TV and no entrance to design magazines, anyway she admits that the pictures of slenderness in the media do make it increasingly hard to accomplish reduction (Finn 2005). Also, a few formal epidemiologic examinations have neglected to discover any connection among anorexia and social class, and that the illness has been seen in non-Westernized Arabic young ladies, just as Asians (Finn 2005). In this manner, as indicated by O'Toole, by dismissing the absolutely psychoanalytic worldview permits the patient to get a similar sympathy and understanding as do casualties of other clinical maladies (Finn 2005). The most widely recognized physical assessment discoveries are lanugo, bradycardia, and hypotension, osteopenia and osteoporosis (Harris 1991). Clinical entanglements incorporate torment and hindered purging of the stomach, exorbitantly dry skin, prejudice to chilly climate, blockage, and edema (Harris 1991). Different entanglements remember diminishes for heart size and the advancement of strange blood stream elements through the heart chambers and valves (Harris 1991). Research center anomalies can incorporate frailty, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, hypoalbuminemia, and aggravations of thyroid capacity (Harris 1991). A few examinations have discovered that undernourishment may bring about a critical hindering of development in male youths, yet has just a minimal impact in female young people (Stein 2003). Different agents note progressed skeletal development during development impediment, bringing about perpetual foreshortening, in a female patient however not in male patients (Stein 2003). An ongoing report found that anorexia nervosa patients who were released while underweight had a more terrible result and higher pace of re-hospitalization than the individuals who had accomplished a steady weight (Maloney 1997). A week after week joint consideration meeting on the clinical ward is basic for fruitful administration, and for outpatient treatment, the clinician sets the objective load as that weight important to recover menses and stop bone demineralization (Maloney 1997).

Talent Management And Its Link To Leadership And Management Development - Free Essay Example

Talent management and its link to leadership and management development 1. Introduction The word talent represents, in particular in this essay, expertise or the knowledge gained through experience à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" expert skills or experience/knowledge in a particular field. By the term talent management, the author refers to managing the four stages of the following process. First, selecting and employing skilled individuals according to the organisations need for skills, second, providing them with an environment in which they can apply their skills in practice with respect to improving the employers business performance, third, developing their talent in order to further support organisations business plan, and fourth, retaining those individual, or retaining their knowledge. The next part of the essay presents the investigation of these processes and interdependence between, in detail. In this essay, the author illustrates the great interdependence between the continuous improvement of the four stages and success of talent management. The two key objectives of this essay are, first, to investigate the concept of talent management, in detail, and second, to present insights into the relationship between talent management and leadership/management development. 2. The concept of talent management Talent Management has been the cornerstone of Human Resource Management (HRM) strategy in many organisations for over a decade. Sparrow et al. (2014) affirm that although, over a decade, talent management has been considered an important factor in advancing business performance, the concept of talent management has not been precisely defined, nor it received a theoretical development. For that reason, success of applied talent management has not been agreed upon. Barlow (2006) explains that most of organisations focus on the leadership roles or employees who have the potential for such roles and do not have a certain clarification of what they consider talent. She adds that the talent management practices and Human Resource activity, in these organisations, become alike and interchangeable terms. Lewis and Heckman (2006) remark that this uncertainty and confusion exists for the reason that various terms are used interchangeably with regards to different elements of talent manage ment (such as, Human Resource Planning or Succession Planning), although each has specific practices mostly different than the other ones. Davis (2007) describe that talent management is strategic corporate approach which comprises interdependent processes of first, employing individuals who have talent(s) required for a particular employ, second, retaining those employees and third, further developing their talent to achieve preferable business performance, consistently. He explains that achieving optimum business performance through these three processes of talent management would be feasible, only if the management itself is talented. Davenport, et al. (2010) explains that analysing, for example supply chain management or customer relationships is very similar to analysing talent, for the reason that they have comparable analysing process from the start to the end. They explain that analysing talent begins with clarification of identity à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" individuals professio nal background à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" and ends with aligning changing needs of the organisation with real-time deployment of talent. 3. Four stages of talent management strategy 3.1. Sourcing talent The two methods of sourcing talent are internally à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" selecting current employees within the organisation who have the required talent and can shift position or department or employees who , for example, can participate in more than one project à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" and externally à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" looking for talent outside the organisation. Sourcing talent internally has significant priority. One of the first criteria that each corporate assigns to sourcing talents, as Davis (2007) suggests, should be assuring that the needed talent does not exist or is not available within the corporate, for the reason that, current employees have a better understanding of the business through experience and also the corporate has a clear understanding of its employees profiles. Knowing that, either sourcing internally or externally requires adopting an appropriate sourcing talent technique. He remarks that one of the most important elements of a reliable technique is to clarify the skills or personal qualities the source needs to have to deliver what is required, rather than focusing on the job description. In other words, how individuals accomplish specific tasks should receive more attention than the number of tasks they can maintain. In order to specify the skills required for a certain job in the organisation, the author suggests applying cross-functional decision making concerning talent. Cross-functional collaboration literature (e.g. Levy, 2011; Hislop, 2005; Slagter, 2009)suggest that the main advantage of bridging HRM and the function within the department, which requires the talent, gives the experts in both departments to set the most feasible talent selection criteria. Davenport, et al. (2010) describe that analytical HR consist of collaboration between HR and other functions or departments. This collaboration will result in optimum talent management through which the organisation would benefit the most from its intellectual capital. They expla in that Analytical HR integrates individuals performance data with organisational objectives which be followed by better understanding the areas which need talent development. This shows the great interdependence between this element of talent management and talent development. 3.2. Work environment In this part of the essay, the author investigates the relationship between work environment/climate and successful talent management from two parallel perspectives. Firstly, the impact of work environment on employee satisfaction and productivity is non-negotiable and its influence on success of talent management, in term of retention, is considerable (Botha, et al., 2011). In order to maximise the performance of talents, providing motivational features embedded in the design of work environment followed by satisfying talents need à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" where they can elicit their skills fully à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" is as critical as a competitive salary is for attracting and retaining talents. For example, as Yeh (2007) expresses, HR especial practices for highly mobile talents has positive impact on minimising turnover and maximising employee satisfaction. On the other hand, HR acculturation practices prepare a work environment, especially for entry level employees, in which employees w ill have the opportunity to better understand organisational beliefs and work towards its goals. The second perspective is the impact of work environment on knowledge elicitation and transfer between experts and other employees or functions within one organisation (Botha, et al., 2011; Hislop, 2005; Hofer-Alfeis, 2008). There is another great interdependence between two stages of talent management, motivational work environment and retaining experts knowledge. The author investigates this element in detail, in section 3.4. 3.3. Talent development Education and training In the process of talent management, continuous talent development plays an important role. Davis (2007) affirms that one of the fundamental talents required in advancing talent management is learning ability of candidates. Moreover, education element of this process is not limited to academic degrees. It includes professional workshops, certain courses and so on. Skilled workers will have the opportunity to further develop their knowledge and learn about the current works in their area of profession. Communities of practice Hislop (2005) defines that community of practice represents a group of people who, to some extent, have shared identity, common knowledge and overlapping values which results in creating social conditions conductive to knowledge sharing. Motivating communities of practice, and in particular the ones including skilled workers, to actively participate in sharing, creating and utilizing knowledge will be followed by individuals talent development. Significant advantage of this element is increase in the transfer of experts knowledge to other employees followed by reducing the impacts of leaving experts and its risk for the organisation. . Fisher and White (2000) emphasise that supporting effective communities of practice networks have significant motivational role in retaining experts and as a result, reducing knowledge loss. Cross-functional practices As mentioned in section 3.1, talent management advances through collaboration between functions from the start point of the process. Promoting cross-functional experts collaboration will also create an opportunity to better identify the areas that needs further talent development. The author suggests shifting from centralized to cross-functional (decentralized), for example in HR practices, assist the performance of talent management, and illustrated the details associated with this method in Figure 1. Figure 1: Cross-functional communication chain 3.4. Retaining talent/knowledge One of the most influential HRM practices for retaining talents or at least their knowledge, suggested in Human Resource (HR) literature, is motivation. Motivation is foundation of almost all other strategies required for talent retention, for example reward systems (Menon Pfeffer, 2003). Reward systems are, in fact, a major factor motivating employees to collaborate efficiently and effectively (Droege Hoobler, 2003). Winkelen and McDermott (2008) report that not many organisations employ proactive strategic approaches to prevent talent loss, instead most of them seek ad hoc and reactive approaches. After investing time and money in addition to sharing corporate strategies with talents, the main concern for any organisation would be retaining talent as long as possible. Although the organisation does benefit from this investment in terms of overall performance improvement, every organisation wants continuous profit from this investment. If the talents leave the organisation th en not only the whole process needs to be repeated resulting in extra investment but also, particularly in the cases that talents shift to competitors as they take their knowledge of the corporate with them which is higher in risk than any other expenses the organisation might face. Hofer-Alfeis (2008) characterises leaving experts/talents a significant challenge for HRM more than any other function within an organisation. He explains that retiring, shifting positions within an organisation or shifting to another organisation raises the need for approaches through which the organisation, at least, retain the experts knowledge when retaining the experts themselves is not possible. De Long and Davenport (2003), Levy (2011) and Winkelen and McDermott (2008) affirm that the fundamental step in any talent retention strategy should, first, include identifying talents critical to business performance and, second, using tools and techniques assuring transfer of their tacit/undocumented k nowledge to other employees within the organisation. Among the HR practices, Hofer-Alfeis (2008) suggests, job rotation is one of the most reliable ones in terms of spreading the knowledge and making the organisation less dependent on talents. Slagter (2009) adds that network building and conducting seminars facilitates knowledge elicitation and transfer between experts and other employees. Hislop (2005) affirms the interdependence between recruitment and selection process and retaining knowledge. He explains that selecting and recruiting talented individuals with compatible values to those of existing culture of the firm, and the ones who are willing to engage in knowledge transfer practices, will further facilitate the process of talent management. 3.5. Summary The four stages of talent management strategy investigated in section 3.1, 3.2, 3.3 and 3.4 is summarised in Table 1. Talent management stages Method Elements Sourcing talent Internally/externally Candidate identity Experience Expertise Qualifications Organisational critical needs Work enviroment N/A Work culture Work performance review HR and employees communication ways Addressing employees concerns Employee welfare Salaries Risk of job loss Talent development Internally/externally Education Training Communities of practice Cross-functional collaboration Retaining talent/knowledge N/A Opportunites for employee career development Competitive employee support Knowledge elicitation and transfer Table 1: Four stages of talent management 4. Concluding marks The qualitative analysis in this essay highlighted that talent management is not limited to HR practices. It showed that to succeed in talent management, a strategic approach, involving many functions within a firm, is a necessity and it will benefit from covering all the four stages of strategic process of talent management proposed, in parallel. Moreover, findings of detailed investigation of elements of each stage revealed that there is a strong interdependence between all the stages of talent management strategic processes and there is a great need for continuous improvement of the process to achieve advanced business performance. The author concludes that talent motivation à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" such as providing great place to work at, opportunities for developing career and so on à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" has the greatest effect on success of talent management and especially retaining experts or expert knowledge. Furthermore, talent management strategy that aims at improving business c ompetitive performance needs professional leadership and management talents. Works Cited Barlow, L., 2006. Talent development: the new imperative?. Development and Learning in Organisations: An International Journal, 20(3), pp. 6-9. Botha, A., Bussin, M. de Swardt, L., 2011. An employer brand predictive model for talent attraction and retention. SA Journal of Human Resource Management, 9(1). Davenport, T. H., Harris, J. Shapiro, J., 2010. Competing on talent analytics: What the best companies know about their people and how they use that information to outperform rivals. Harvard Business Review , 88(10), pp. 52-58. Davis, T., 2007. Talent Assessment A New Strategy for Talent Management. s.l.:Gower Publishing Limited. De Long, D. W. Davenport, T., 2003. Better practices for retaining organisational knowledge: lessons from the leading edge. Employment Relations, 30(3), pp. 51-63. Droege, S. Hoobler, J., 2003. Employee turnover and tacit knowledge diffusion: a network perspective. Journal of Managerial Issues, 15(1), pp. 50-64. Fisher, S. White, M. , 2000. Downsizing in a learning organisation: are there hidden costs?. Academy of Management Review, 25(1), pp. 244-251. Hislop, D., 2005. Knowledge management in organisations: A CRITICAL INTRODUCTION. s.l.:Oxford University Press. Hofer-Alfeis, J., 2008. Knowledge management solutions for the leaving expert issue. Journal of Knowledge Management, 12(4), pp. 44-54. Levy, M., 2011. Knowledge retention: minimizing organisational business loss. Journal of Knowledge Management, 15(4), pp. 582-600. Lewis, R. E. Heckman, R. J., 2006. Talent management: A critical review. Human Resource Management Review , Volume 16, p. 139à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å"154. Menon, T. Pfeffer, J., 2003. Valuing internal versus external knowledge. Management Science, 49(4), pp. 497-513. Slagter, F., 2009. HR practices as predictors for knowledge sharing and innovative behavior: a focus on age. International Journal of Human Resources Development and Management, 9(2/3), pp. 223-249. Sparrow, P., Scullion, H. Tarique, I. eds., 2014. Strategic Talent Management: Contemporary Issues in International Context. s.l.:Cambridge University Press. Winkelen, C. McDermott, R., 2008. Facilitating the handover of knowledge. Knowledge Management Review, 11(2), pp. 24-27. Yeh, Y., 2007. A renewed look at the turnover model for accounting knowledge work force. Journal of the American Academy of Business, 11(1), pp. 103-109.

The Pharmaceutical And Medicine Manufacturing Industry

What would you do if you had to suffer every day from a life threatening illness that was debilitating and incurable? Over nine hundred million people throughout the world die each year because of incurable diseases such as cancer, HIV, and AIDS (What par 1). The number of people that suffer from these varying illnesses is slowly increasing, but the use of pharmaceutical drugs is helping to solve this problem. â€Å"The pharmaceutical and medicine manufacturing industry has produced a variety of medicinal and other health related products undreamed of by even the most imaginative apothecaries of the past† (Pharmaceutical par 1). Every day, millions of lives are saved with the use of these medications, and they allow these innocent people to live ordinary lives (Pharmaceutical par 1). According to William Lang, Vice President of policy and advocacy for the American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy, â€Å"There’s an increasing number of people with chronic illnesses, and the primary management tool available for dealing with chronic illness is medication† (Thompson par 10). While some take medications for simple health issues such as headaches, the flu, or minor colds, others use them to aid in the treatment of more serious illnesses such as pneumonia, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, autoimmune disorders, and cancer (Pharmaceutical par 2). Doctors and hospitals prescribe hundreds of thousands of new medications each day to patients, and many of these prescriptions range in costShow MoreRelatedThe Long History of Pakistans Pharmaceutical Sector691 Words   |  3 PagesBrief History: The Pakistan pharmaceutical sector has long history. 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The desire to cure illness an d disease is what demands pharmaceutical companies like Mylan to be empoweredRead MoreEssay about The New Trade Theory1326 Words   |  6 Pagesa large scale of output† as it is able to spread over the fixed costs over a large volume of quantity (Wickramasekera, Cronk Hill 2013 p90). â€Å"First-mover advantages are the economic and strategic advantages that accrue to early entrants into an industry and the ability to capture scale economies ahead of later entrants† (Wickramasekera, Cronk Hill 2013 p91). The new trade theory however, is not free from criticism. Although the theory has achieved great success academically, there is little toRead MoreEXECUTIVE SUMMARY: The report basically highlights on how the pharmaceutical industry of India1400 Words   |  6 Pagesreport basically highlights on how the pharmaceutical industry of India works and its dynamics. The report also highlights about the Indian and global scenarios of pharmaceuticals industry and thereby comparison of those two. It comprises of analysing the industry by PEST, SWOT, PORTER’S five force model and HHI. It explains the current scenario of the industry in terms of growth and future outlook of the industry and opportunities. The Indian pharmaceutical industry has been growing rapidly at the rateRead MoreTypes Of Poor Quality Medicines1456 Words   |  6 PagesTypes of poor quality medicines : Poor quality medicines can be classified into three different man types : substandard , counterfeit and degraded. Substandard medicines â€Å"are genuine medicines produced by legitimate manufacturers that do not meet the quality specifications that the producer says they meet. For example, they may contain less (or more) active ingredient than written on the package. This may not e an intention to cheat, but may be due to problems with the manufacturing process†.(WHO, 2005)Read MoreThe World Trade Organization and Intellectual Property Rights1108 Words   |  4 Pagespatent protection for pharmaceutical inventions. In order to comply with the TRIPS obligation, India introduced product patent protection from 1 January 2005. In doing so, India in a way reinstated the patent regime, which is believed to favour the pharmaceutical Multinational Corporations (MNCs). While carrying out the amendment, Indian policy makers were confronted with two major concerns, viz. the future of the Indian pharmaceutical industry and access to affordable medicines within the country andRead MoreThe Global Pha rmaceutical Industry: Swallowing a Bitter Pill Essay836 Words   |  4 PagesThe Global Pharmaceutical Industry: Swallowing a Bitter Pill The case describes the evolution of the pharmaceutical industry and its strategic environment. Attention is drawn to environmental pressures from regulators and payers. Key forces driving the industry are discussed, including addressing unmet medical needs, the importance of innovation and time to market, and globalisation. The case illustrates how an increasingly hostile environment, combined with a decline in Ramp;D productivity, ledRead MoreMedicinal Chemsitry1138 Words   |  5 PagesWhat is Medicinal chemistry? 3†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...Body: The pharmaceutical industry Global generics Chemistry in a nutshell 4†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Conclusion End of academic essay In Medicinal chemistry , the chemist attempts to design and synthesize medicine or a pharmaceutical agent which will benefit humanity .Additionally Oxford defineRead MoreEssay On Drugs Are Not Killing Us1080 Words   |  5 Pages â€Å"Not long ago, a dose of the decades-old generic drug cost little more than a dollar. Now the lowest available price is nearly 20 times that,† states Melody Peterson, a writer for the LA Times. The monopoly power of manufacturers in the pharmaceutical industry allows companies to set unreasonable drug prices, leaving Americans unable to afford essential medications. Monopoly power allows drug companies to increase their prices and eliminate market competition. According to research from BrighamRead MoreBuyer Bargain Power Of The Pharmaceutical Industry1377 Words   |  6 PagesBuyer Bargain Power Buyers in the pharmaceutical industry are broken into physicians, who are the prescribers, patients, who are the users, hospital boards, who are authorizers of purchases and treatments, pharmacists, who are the distributors. Most of them have very minor influence on the pricing of the product, but unfortunately for the highly regulated pharmaceutical industry, they have to face a bargaining giants, the health organizations and the government agencies. Individual patients have

Associate Professor Rank, Duties, and Career Potential

Schools operate with a hierarchy of staff and positions, much like other institutions and businesses. All play a necessary role in the overall function of education. The responsibilities and prerogatives of an associate professor contribute to the success and reputation of colleges and universities. The position can be a stepping stone to full professorship or the culminating position of an academic career. Academic Tenure An associate professor typically earns tenure, which bestows the freedom and autonomy to pursue studies and conduct work that may disagree with public opinion or authority without fear of losing the job over it. An associate professor must adhere to certain professional and ethical standards, however. While associate professors may pursue controversial topics, they must conduct their inquiry within the accepted guidelines for academic research. Despite surviving a probationary period that can last seven years to reach associate status, a professor can still lose his or her job for cause, just like an employee in a field other than academia. While most faculty members eventually retire from their positions, a university can take steps to remove a tenured professor in the case of unprofessionalism, incompetence, or financial difficulties. An institution does not bestow tenure automatically after a period of time – a professor must earn the status. A professor with the expressed goal of achieving tenure might be said to be on  tenure track.   Visiting professors and instructors often teach on year-to-year contracts. Tenured faculty and those working toward tenure usually hold the titles of assistant professor, associate professor, or full professor without any qualifiers, such as adjunct or visiting. Rank of Associate Professorship Professorships involve working from one rank to the next level through evaluation of performance. The intermediate rank of an associate professorship falls between an assistant professorship and a position as a full professor. Professors typically rise from assistants to associates when they achieve tenure, which can be a one-shot deal at many institutions of higher learning. Failure to achieve an associate professorship at the same time as receiving tenure may mean the professor wont get another chance to advance at that particular institution. Nor does an associate professorship guarantee an individuals rise to the rank of a full professorship. Advancement depends on many factors, including the professors body of work and ongoing performance evaluations. Duties of Associate Professorship An  associate professor participates in three types  of duties that come with a career in academia, just like most other professors: teaching, research, and service. Professors do more than teach classes. They also conduct scholarly research  and present their findings at  conferences and through publication in peer-reviewed journals. Service duties include administrative work, such as sitting on committees ranging from curricula development to overseeing workplace safety. Career Advancement   Colleges and universities expect associate professors to become more active and take on greater leadership roles as they advance to more senior positions on the faculty.  Given that they have earned tenure and cannot be dismissed without due process, associate professors often conduct the service tasks beyond the scope of junior faculty positions, such as evaluating colleagues for tenure and promotion. Some professors remain in the associate rank for the remainder of their career, either by choice or by circumstance. Others pursue and achieve promotion to the highest academic rank of full professor.

How to Correctly Use German Adverb Auch

Sometimes the littlest words can have a big meaning. Take the German adverb auch. In its simplest form, this word means also. But it also (get it?) holds greater significance.   Auch can mean even. It can also be a modal particle and imply anything from I hope to Youre sure. Heres a closer look at the power behind this common, little adverb.   When Auch Is Accentuated This type of auch relates to the subject of the sentence and will usually be in front of a verbal group. Its meaning is also. For example:   Mein Sohn will jetzt auch Klavier studieren. My son now also wants to study piano. Meine Oma isst gerne Bockwurst und auch Bratwurst.My grandmother likes to eat Bockwurst and Bratwurst, as well. When Auch Is Not Accentuated This type of  auch bears directly upon the elements of phrase that follow it. It usually means even. For example:   Auch fà ¼r einen fleißigen Schà ¼ler, war dies eine große Hausaufgabe.Even for a hard working student, this was a lot of homework. ï » ¿Ihr kann auch kein Arzt helfen.Not even a doctor can help her. Take note that in the above sentences, the unaccented auch draws attention toward an accented word: fleißigen or Arzt, respectively. Auch Can Express Mood An unaccented auch can also be used to indicate the mood of the speaker. In such cases, you will find  auch to help underline the speaker’s irritation or reassurance. For example:   Du kannst auch nie still sein!You can never be still, can you? Hast du deine Brieftasche auch nicht vergessen?I hope you didn’t forget your wallet. Context Is Everything Consider the following two dialogues and the meaning implied by the context. Sprecher 1: Die Freunde deines Sohnes kà ¶nnen gut schwimmen.  / Your son’s friends can swim really well. Sprecher 2: Mein Sohn ist auch ein guter Schwimmer.  / My son is also a good swimmer.Sprecher 1: Mein Sohn treibt gerne Basketball und Fußball. Er ist auch ein guter Schwimmer.  / My son loves playing basketball and soccer. He is also a good swimmer. Sprecher 2: Ihr Sohn ist sehr sportlich. / Your son is very athletic. As you can see, in both dialogues, the phrases with auch are practically the same, yet a different meaning is implied. Tone and context mean everything. In the first case, auch is accented and serves the subject of the sentence:  Sohn. In the second case, auch is unaccented and the emphasis is in on guter Schwimmer, implying that the son is, among other things, also good at swimming.

Case Analysis - Ford Motors - 738 Words

A Case Analysis on Ford Motor Company Introduction Henry Ford’s Motor Company is one of America’s biggest prides in automotive industry. It is a multinational corporation and the worlds fourth largest automaker based on worldwide vehicle sales, following Toyota, General Motors, and Volkswagen. The founder, Henry Ford incorporated the company on June 16, 1903. At 1980’s, under the leadership of his grandson Henry Ford II, several bad decisions had been made regarding the organizational structure for being an autocratic leader. Some internal problems were also contributing to the company’s loss in the business. Several times the company has experienced crisis to lose billions of dollars and faced a wide range of criticism for producing†¦show more content†¦Using computerized robot and upgraded inventory. Weaknesses Autocratic management. Expansion of division will leave it weak to some areas. Confusions, duplicate work appear after building some centers. Opportunities Change to a democratic organizational structure for a better management Develop new design and models. Technology advancement lead to an organize and systematic growth. Shift from producing low-priced, stripped down models. Threats Strong price competition. Design competitiveness, Varying purchasing power of customers. Alternative Courses of Action To implement a new approach in decision making process Ford should start to pushed decision making to lower levels, by inaugurating a policy of employee involvement in plant (designing, engineering and manufacturing) in order to improve productivity under a supervision of a functional manager. Pros It makes the subordinate feels appreciated. Gather more ideas to contribute company’s success. Lessen the length of bureaucracy procedure. Cons Cannot accommodate all ideas coming from the subordinate. Superior might not receive adequate information of the decisions. To support the ACA above, selective subordinate must be chosen based on their ability and confidence in making a correct decision. This way, superiors may depend and have full trust on theirShow MoreRelatedFord Motor Company Written Case Analysis2381 Words   |  10 PagesTABLE OF CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION 2 2. Case Question 2-8 2.1 Define and discuss Fords business-level strategy. How can the companys value-chain activities be better linked to create value for the company? 2.2 How can Ford successfully position itself in terms of the five forces of competition? 2.3 In what ways can the company effectively manage customer relationships to increase strategic competitiveness? 2.4 What conditions and toolsRead MoreFord Motor Company Case Analysis Essay1585 Words   |  7 PagesThroughout the late twentieth century, the Ford Motor Company received numerous complaints regarding incidents involving their vehicles. Consumers of Ford vehicles reported that at least one of their tires spontaneous blew out while driving at highway speeds; more often than not, these accidents resulted in the driver losing control and rolling the vehicle, causing injury or death. After numerous lawsuits, lawyers began to notice a trend. Through multiple clients, they observed the majority of incidentsRead MoreFord Motor Company Case Analysis1104 Words   |  5 PagesThe current situation of the Ford Motor Company, revenue of $44 billion, 6 percent above second quarter 2006. The company net income of $750 million, or 31 cents per share. Profit of $258 million, or 13 cents per share, from continuing operations excluding special items. There was a significant year-over-year improvement for all automotive operations. Ford Motor Credit pre-tax profit of $112 million. Cost reductions of $600 million; $1.1 billion through the first half of 2007. There was automotiveRead MoreFord Motor Company Case Analysis1230 Words   |  5 Pages Company Summary: The Ford Motor Company is one of the most largest and profitable U.S. automakers in the world. Today the company headquarters operates in the Motor City, located in Dearborn, Michigan. The Ford Corporation was found by Henry Ford back in 1903, after a disagreement with his financial investors. He then decided to pursue his passion for owning his own business. The Ford Company designs and manufactures durable automobiles, automotive components, and systems. This corporation isRead MoreFord Motor Company Case Analysis1842 Words   |  8 PagesDepartment FROM: Sawyer Folks, Business Analyst DATE: April 27, 2015 SUBJECT: Ford Motor Company Background The Ford Motor Company has had a rather tarnished legal history. Ford got into some hot water in the 1990s and 2000s over multiple safety scandals. One of these scandals occurred in 1996 and involved faulty ignition switches that would short and cause fires. The ignition switch scandal then led to Ford being sued by State Farm for neglecting to release information about the faulty ignitionRead MoreFord Motor Company Case Analysis1788 Words   |  8 PagesFord Motor Company is one of the top automotive companies in the world. It was founded in 1903 by Henry Ford who wanted to develop some kind of transportation for the individual convenience and to make the product affordable. In 1909, Ford Motor Company manufactured its first automobile called the Model T. This was a big success among the regional especially in Detroit where it all began. As the popular for the Model T rose, Ford had to increase its production to keep up with demand. The companyRead MoreFord Motor Company Case Ana lysis Essay1776 Words   |  8 PagesIntroduction The Ford Motor Company (Ford or â€Å"the company) is an American automotive producer headquartered in Dearborn, Michigan. The company was founded on June 16, 1903, by Henry Ford. The Ford Motor Company manufactures and sells commercial vehicles, luxury cars, Standard Utility Vehicles (SUVs), and automotive parts all over the world. Known for their size, geography, and business model, Ford is often referred to as one of the â€Å"Big Three,† along with General Motors and Chrysler AutomobilesRead MoreCase Analysis Report Ford Motor Company and Firestone3599 Words   |  15 PagesCase Analysis Report In August 2000, Ford Motor Company and Firestone Tire Company recalled 6.5 Million ATX and AT tires that had been installed on Ford’s Explorer model SUV. At the time, it appeared as though Ford and Firestone were doing the right thing. They had found out that the tread separated on Ford Explorers in states with intense heat, such as Florida and Texas. However, it later came to light that both Ford and Firestone had known about these problems earlier than 2000 and that FordRead MoreFinancial Analysis in the Case of Ford Motor Co and Microsoft Corporation1814 Words   |  8 PagesFinancial analysis in the case of Ford Motor Co and Microsoft Corporation Each company must prepare financial statements to provide a comprehensive picture about its past performance and situation for the owners, the managers, the state and other stakeholders as well. In the case of enormous, international public limited companies like Ford and Microsoft these statements and data are public, so anybody can reach them through the internet. Moreover, we can also compute a lot of financial ratiosRead MoreCase Study : Ford Motor Company1611 Words   |  7 PagesFord Motor Co. Casey T, Blackburn Business 104 Business Organization Management Dr. Earl Murray Jr. 1 November 2015 Abstract I hope that this meets the intent of this paper and that you learn something new about the management of an organization that I have the most interest in. I wanted to discuss how the lessons that we have covered during this class are used and demonstrated in a large worldwide company such as Ford Motor Co. Ford Motor Co. Ford’s Motor Company History Ford Motor Company

Analysis Of Stetler Model Of Research Utilization Essay

Introduction As the nursing field grows, evidence-based practice is becoming more pragmatic. This is because people want to know the when, why, and how of diseases processes. Increasing knowledge on evidence-based practice has shown to improve health outcomes. Research translation models are utilized heavily in nursing to help transform findings into practice (Polit Beck, 2012). Some models are more clinician oriented, while others are institution oriented. There are various models that are utilized by different entities. For the purpose of this paper, the Stetler Model of Research Utilization will be researched and discussed. The Model The Stetler Model is made up of five phases that are imperative when conducting research and then putting that research into practice. In particular, this model focuses on the critical thinking skills and use of evidence by a provider (Schaffer, Sandau, Diedrick, 2013). The five phases of this model are listed in order of how they should be utilized in the research process. The five phases include: preparation, validation, comparative evaluation and decision-making, translation and application, and evaluation. Each of these phases is important for the clinician to follow in a stepwise fashion. The first phase of this model is the preparation phase. In this phase, it is important to delineate the purpose and potential outcomes of the study. The research is searched, sorted and selected. It is important during this phaseShow MoreRelatedevidence basedpractice2944 Words   |  12 Pagesbest available evidence, coupled with clinical expertise. As such it enables health practitioners of all varieties to address healthcare questions with an evaluative and qualitative approach. EBP allows the practitioner to assess current and past research, clinical guidelines, and other information resources in order to identify relevant literature while differentiating between high-quality and low-quality findings. UNIT BACKGROUND: Evidence based practices was founded by Dr.Ardice Cochrane , aRead MoreEvidence Based Practice3086 Words   |  13 Pagesï » ¿ Implementation of Evidence Based Practice Rosemary Garcia â€Æ' Implementation of Evidence Based Practice Evidence Based Practice Nursing is the utilization by nurses of Evidence Based Research findings that, according to Houser (2012), steer the nurse toward integration of clinical expert opinion and experience with an unbiased exhaustive review of the best scientific evidence professional nursing care literature can provide while incorporatingRead MoreBarriers of Research Utilization for Nurses9005 Words   |  37 Pagesopinions regarding barriers to, and facilitators of, research utilization in the practice setting Alison Margaret Hutchinson BAppSc, MBioeth PhD Candidate, Victorian Centre for Nursing Practice Research, School of Nursing, University of Melbourne, Australia Linda Johnston BSc, PhD, Dip N Professor in Neonatal Nursing Research, Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, and Associate Director, Victorian Centre for Nursing Practice Research, Melbourne, Australia Submitted for publication:Read MoreNursing Research1183 Words   |  5 PagesLANDMARKS AFFECTING NURSING RESEARCH YEAR EVENT | 1859 Nightingale’s Notes on Nursing published | 1900 American Nursing Journal begins publication | 1923 Columbia University establishes first doctoral program for nurses | Goldmark Report with recommendations for nursing education published | 1930s American Journal of Nursing publishes clinical cases studies | 1948 Brown publishes report on inadequacies of nursing education | 1952 The journal Nursing Research begins publication | 1955Read MoreEffects of Gum Chewing on Post Operative Ileus1274 Words   |  6 Pagespostoperative ileus duration. Recent clinical trials show that chewing gum postoperatively may hold promise in reducing postoperative ileus and thereby decrease length of stay. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to use the Stetler Model of Research Utilization to examine the research regarding the use of gum chewing to reduce the duration of postoperative ileus in abdominal surgery patients. Validation The articles used to draw conclusions from included two primary articles and two systematic reviewsRead MoreClabsi2802 Words   |  12 PagesPurpose Statement and Aims†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.5 Research Questions and Hypothesis†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..6 Review of Literature with matrix†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.6-12 Evidenced Based Practice Model†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.13 Study Design and Sampling Method†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.13 Setting and Study population†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.14 Sources of Data Collection Method†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...14 Data Analysis Plan†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.14 Ethics and HumanRead MoreNursing Essay41677 Words   |  167 PagesAdvancing Health http://www.nap.edu/catalog/12956.html THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS 500 Fifth Street, N.W. Washington, DC 20001 NOTICE: The project that is the subject of this report was approved by the Governing Board of the National Research Council, whose members are drawn from the councils of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine. The members of the committee responsible for the report were chosen for their special competences

Act 3 Scene 4 of Twelfth Night Essay Example For Students

Act 3 Scene 4 of Twelfth Night Essay Shakespeare creates comedy for the audience in a variety of ways during Act 3 Scene 4 of Twelfth Night, some techniques more subtle than others. These comic devices generate humour throughout the play through, in the eyes of the Elizabethans, outrageous puns based on the high or low status of the characters, play on words, dramatic irony and many other means. Shakespeare uses such comic devices in many of his famous Comedies, such as A Midsummers Nights Dream, Measure for Measure and As You Like It. Shakespearean comedies often include a mix of tragedy and humour, although this tragic side could be seen as a modern interpretation of Elizabethan humour, or perhaps just an attempt on Shakespeares part to experiment and blend together two contrasting genres of play. Either way, the mix of humour and tragedy is one of the factors that singles out Shakespeares work as original and timeless. All Shakespearean comedies have five acts, of which the climax is the third act. This is certainly true for Twelfth Night, because this is the act in which the main plot, the sub-plot, and all of the confusion, comes to a head. Shakespearean heroes are often only introduced in the very early stages of the play through the conversation of other characters. Their personalities are nearly always strong and full of virtue, but they are often flawed in some way or have a serious problem, such as the fact that Viola is caught up in her disguise, desperately in love with Orsino but made to woo another woman for him. The plot of the play features many comic twists as it follows the entangled lives of a few inhabitants of Illyria; particularly focusing on Viola and her brother, Sebastian, as they are shipwrecked and separated along the shore. Viola, thinking her brother is dead, dresses as a man and takes the name Cesario to work for the love-sick Duke Orsino, who is constantly pining for the affection of the grieving Lady Olivia. Olivia, mourning the death of her brother, promptly falls in love with Cesario when he comes to woo her for his Lord, thus showing the fickleness of love. Obviously, Viola (or Cesario) does not desire Olivias love, but actually longs for Orsino. Meanwhile, it becomes known to the audience that Sebastian has been rescued by a sailor, Antonio. Sebastian becomes involved in a duel Sir Toby, Olivias uncle, is encouraging Andrew, Olivias dogged suitor, to fight against Cesario for Olivias hand. Olivia mistakes Sebastian for Cesario, and Sebastian falls in love with Olivia. The two are quickly married. Lastly, Orsino and Viola, along with Sir Toby and Maria, also decide to marry. Cleverly entwined within this main story line is a hilarious sub-plot featuring the servants and other members of Olivias household. Sir Toby Belch, Olivias lady in waiting Maria, Sir Andrew Aguecheek, servant Fabian and the fool, Feste, together plot the humourous downfall of Malvolio. Malvolio is the puritanical, sombre and serious steward, who interrupts the merry-making of the other members of the household early on in the play. Maria fakes a letter from her Lady, Olivia, informing Cesario that his mistress is deeply in love with him and desires him to be opposite with a kinsmen, surly with servants, let his tongue tang with arguments of state, and for him to dress cross-gartered with yellow stockings. Malvolio falls for the trick, and fulfils the letters suggestions. Olivia consequently thinks him mad, which is encouraged by the subtle taunting of her household. Malvolio is locked up and tormented further by Feste, who pretends to be priest. At the end of the play, Malvolio vows on revenge. The plot and sub-plot of Twelfth Night have a huge amount of potential for comedy, and Shakespeare fulfils this potential spectacularly well, playing on the different roles of the intricate characters, and using all sorts of comic devices, to make the play the well loved and famous piece of literature, and performance, that it is. There are few recurring themes that feature in most Shakespearean comedies, such as confusion over identity, family tensions and the struggles of love, particularly for young lovers. A lot of these themes play a large part in Twelfth Night. For example, in a lot of Shakespeares plays there is a particularly clever servant, who often outstrips their master or mistress in intellect and wit. Feste the fool is a prime of example of such a servant, as he often makes remarks that, although they are encrypted within a riddle or some kind of joke, make a lot of sense or question the intellect of his superiors. This intelligence creates humour for the audience as it makes a mockery of the characters with the high status, as they are made out to be intellectually inferior to a fool. Bottom, of A Midsummers Nights Dream is another good example of a Shakespearean fool. One theme of Twelfth Night, and one that recurs in many of Shakespeares plays, is confusion and farce. It begins when Viola lands on an unknown shore, and promptly dresses as a man in order to find work in Duke Orsinos palace. From then on the various gaps in the knowledge of characters, such as the fact that Malvolio does not know Maria wrote the letter he found; the longing of Olivia for Cesario, who is in fact a woman; and the unknowing Sir Andrew, who does not realise that Sir Toby and Fabian mock him behind his back. All of this, plus the constant mood, and even, in Malvolios case, personality, changes of the characters convey a huge sense of confusion that helps heighten comedy. The chaos throughout Twelfth Night makes the play more entertaining and humourous for the audience. Love is another main theme of Twelfth Night. Firstly, throughout the play many of the characters fall in love-sometimes even twice, such as Orsinos initial desire for Olivia, then eventually his realisation of his love for Viola. Malvolios obvious obsession with Olivia and the love between Sir Toby and Maria illustrate love shown between high and low characters, creating a comic device within the theme. Olivia also demonstrates the fickleness of love as initially she is in mourning and deems herself unable to think about love when wooed by Orsino. Yet moments later she decides that she in love with Cesario, and declares that Love sought is good, but given unsought is better, in a mood that contrasts her apparently solemn state of mind at the beginning of the play. Many of the comic devices used in Twelfth Night are also used in some of Shakespeares other plays. For example, in many ways one of the three plots found within A Midsummers Nights Dream is similar to the plot involving Malvolio and the fake letter written by Maria. A Midsummer Nights Dream follows the story of Bottom, a low character, who acts superior to his co-workers and is portrayed as very opinionated. Bottom is very similar to Malvolio in that the latter also aggravates his peers by acting superior, and so provokes them to play a trick on him. In this way A Midsummer Nights Dream is also similar to Twelfth Night because Puck, a minion of the high characters in A Midsummer Nights Dream the king and queen of the fairies- turns Bottoms head into that of an ass, in a scene that is similar to that of Twelfth Nights Act 3 Scene 4.. This means that both Malvolio and Bottom have their appearance changed, and therefore create humour through a visual device, due to trickery; and both Malvolio and Bottom are oblivious to the mockery they are being subjected to as well as the reason for their ridicule. Both plays use high and low characters to generate humour, playing on the fact that in Shakespeares time it was unthought-of for people to act or rise above their set social rank. The fact that many of Shakespeares plays feature characters that do just that effectively shocked the audience and also helped to create comedy. Dramatic irony also features in both Twelfth Night and A Midsummer Nights Dream. In the case of Bottom and his head of an ass, the audience knows what has happened to him in order to repel those he is working with away from him, yet the character himself has no idea what is causing his peers strange reaction. This is humourous for the audience as they are able to laugh at Bottoms confusion as well as his appearance. The same applies to Malvolio; in Twelfth Night, the audience know the letter Malvolio is taking orders from is actually faked by Maria, yet the character himself does not, so he continues to act upon the letters demands, successfully making a fool of himself and earning the title of a possessed mad-man. Again, this would create comedy. One comic device Shakespeare cleverly uses during Twelfth Night is love triangles. One good example of a love triangle is that, initially, Orsino loves Olivia, who in turn loves Cesario, who loves Orsino. The climax of this intriguing situation arises in Act 3 Scene 4, in which Malvolio finds himself the butt of most of the jokes. At one point he declares that Maria is his sweet lady, and continually flirts with her. Olivia, on the other hand, becomes practically obsessive over her love for Cesario, calling him back to her time and again. Cesario, or Viola, in turn longs for Duke Orsino, whom she becomes very close to throughout the play. Duke Orsino is on love with Olivia- a point he makes very clear at the start of the play, where he declares if music is the food of love, play on; give me excess of it. This tangle of emotions and lust causes great confusion and helps to generate humour, as the characters fall in love often with the wrong people- this confusion also lends itself to the title of the play, which is named after, traditionally, the twelfth day after Christmas- at which time, status and normal conventions would be overturned and chaos and confusion would reign. This was a lso often known as The Feast of Fools- particularly fitting because throughout the play the characters act like fools, or as if they were partaking in this confusing celebration, despite the fact that the play is not actually set on Twelfth Night. Confusion is in fact one of the main themes of the play. The fact that Olivia, an esteemed lady, falls in love with Cesario, a young page, is deemed bad enough in the opinion of an Elizabethan audience. But the added fact that Cesario is, in fact, Viola dressed as a man causes great hilarity and confusion. I would think of Twelfth Night as a complex love web, where a majority of character are in some way romantically involved with another. This would contribute to the comedy and confusion throughout. The fact that Malvolio is in love with Olivia, who in turn is in love with Cesario, and calls her a sweet lady is humourous, especially from the point of view of an Elizabethan audience. The love triangles would have been particularly shocking, and therefore funny, for the audience during Shakespeares time period because the concept of Malvolio, the servant, being in love with Olivia, the lady, would have been seen as ridiculous and unconventional- this links into the humour behind high and low characters. What could be said to be the deeper meaning or implicit message of An Inspector Calls EssayHe then goes on to comment that a part of the challenge is very brief, and to exceedingly good sense -less. The fact that Fabian utters the last part as an aside, directed solely at the audience and not at any of the other characters, makes Fabian seem more likeable to the audience and gets them involved in the play. His mocking tone at this point would also have generated great humour, especially as this part involves a kind of dramatic irony- where the audience laugh with Fabian at the unknowing Sir Andrew. This mockery is part of a sub-plot deeper than that of Malvolio and Marias letter, involving Sir Toby and Sir Andrew. Sir Toby is actually manipulating Sir Andrew by hoping that if he helps him to marry Olivia, Sir Andrew will transfer a lot of his wealth to his new bride, and in turn Olivia would give Sir Toby some of the money. Sir Toby provides a glimpse of his intentions early on when talking to Maria about Sir Andrew- he states that Aguecheek has three thousand ducats a year and hes a fool. However, Sir Andrew is actually not as wealthy as he seems due to Sir Toby leeching money out of him, and so if he was to marry Olivia it would be unlikely that Toby would receive any huge bonus. So for this reason the joke is on Sir Toby, although he doesnt know it. This is also an example of dramatic irony, because the audience get the whole picture, whereas Sir Toby doesnt and thinks he is the one in control. This creates humour as the audience is able to laugh at both Sir Andrew, as he is manipulated by Sir Toby, and Sir Toby himself, as in the end all his hard work would have been for nothing. This also adds to the effect that Sir Toby is, in a certain sense, a fool, for it makes him out to be unaware of the situation, assuming and therefore foolish. However, the fact that Sir Toby not only attempts to deceive Sir Andrew but plays many pranks throughout Twelfth Night, and contributes to the main trick played on Malvolio that culminates in Act 3 Scene 4, depicts him as a different sort of fool- similar in many ways to Feste. One example of such a prank, similar to that in which Malvolio was branded as possessed in the first place, is when he takes part in the plot to dress Feste as Sit Topaz and further taunt the blindfolded Steward. The fact that Fabian and Toby encourage Sir Andrew to fight Cesario is very amusing because they know very well that Sir Andrew is a cowardly man, and not a fighter. Therefore the prospect of him challenging another man for a fight is ridiculous, and an opportunity for entertainment, not only for the audience, but for the mischief-makers of Twelfth Night as well. What makes this even more interesting is that Cesario is actually girl- the audience are able to appreciate the full extent of Sir Andrews cowardice; especially during Shakespeares era, because obviously at that stage women were not expected to fight and were regarded as weaker. This would have made Sir Andrew look even sillier. Dramatic irony itself plays a large part in heightening the comedy in Twelfth Night. Because the audience obviously get a much fuller picture of the overall situation, in some scenes they have superior knowledge of the situation than the characters, enabling them to laugh at certain passages knowing that the thoughts, words and actions of the characters are based on wrong assumptions. In essence, the characters themselves are ignorant of their own fate, whereas the audience are able to gain humour from knowing roughly where the play is heading. On top of this, the audience sometimes know what a certain character is talking about when others in the scene are unable to fully understand. One such situation arises in Act 3 Scene 4 when Malvolio refers to the handwriting in the letter he received by stating I think we do know the sweet Roman hand. Olivia meets this statement with utter confusion, as she knows nothing of the letter; yet the audience know exactly what Malvolio means, and are able to take humour from not only Malvolios hopeless and cringe worthy situation, but also from the confusion of Olivia. The fact that Malvolio says that we know the sweet Roman hand could be seen as a reference to the audience in that he is including them in his speech as proof. This further involves the audience in the mayhem of the play. Another example of dramatic irony is when Maria calls for Malvolio, reasoning that he is sad and civil, and so suited to her mood. However, the audience know very well that because of the letter Malvolio will in fact be, hilariously, the very opposite of what his Mistress expects. This creates the anticipation of humour to come, as well as comedy at the fact that Olivia is ignorant of what is about to happen. The concept of high and low characters is used a tremendous amount by Shakespeare during Twelfth Night. The theme of confusion is carried on through this comic device because often characters with low status act above their rank, or higher characters lower themselves. This heightens the comedy because in the Elizabethan era status was very important; it was unseemly for someone with a low status to act above their rank and vice versa. It was also incredibly difficult and rare for anyone to move between different ranks, which makes the constant switching of rank of various characters in Twelfth Night shocking, and humourous. One example of Malvolio getting above his rank is when he responds to Maria with the statement Yes, nightingales answer daws! This implies that at this point he sees himself as far superior to Maria, when in fact they are nearer equals. The fact that he sees himself as a nightingale talking to a common daw is humourous because he is so pompous and has a very high opinion of himself simply because of the letter he has received from Olivia. In my opinion, it also heightens comedy because Malvolio is comparing himself to a bird of great stature that possesses a joyous, beautiful voice, which does not reflect Malvolios true, sombre, stark and serious personality. Throughout Twelfth Night, Sir Toby lowers himself to the level of the servants, even though he is in fact of a higher status. This apparent switch of status comes about through his drunken antic with Maria, Fabian, Feste and Sir Andrew. The fact that he acts in an almost immature way presents to the audience a contrast to how high characters are supposed to act, heightening the humour. Sir Tobys switch in status culminates when he marries the lady-in-waiting, Maria. At one point in the play he tries to justify this by stating that Maria is a beagle, true bred. In Elizabethan times this shifting of ranks would have been very unusual, and for a person with a higher rank to marry one with a low rank was socially unacceptable. The fact that Sir Toby takes part in the mockery of Malvolio in Act 3 Scene 4 when he pretends that he thinks Malvolio is possessed by saying what, man, defy the devil! . This lowers him once more to the lower level of the servants because he is joining them in the almost immature and cruel teasing of Malvolio. Once again this would create humour. I have come to the conclusion that throughout Twelfth Night, Shakespeare tries to make the point that in actual fact servants are often cleverer and more deserving of rank than their mistresses and masters. This is shown through the fact that at the start of the play, the ranks are stereotypically correct, yet as the play progresses, the ranks switch and merge. Often characters with lower ranks outwit their superiors, such as Feste and his witty exchange with Olivia and Malvolio. This undoubtedly generates comedy, because it is shocking and so humourous for the audience. Shakespeare uses Malvolios soliloquy to create humour during Act 3 Scene 4 of Twelfth Night. The audience would find hilarious the way in which, throughout his love-stuck speech to himself and, unknowingly, the audience, Malvolio twists Olivias words in order to suit his desires. Malvolio states that when she went away she said let this fellow be looked to- fellow! He implies that this means that because she called him fellow and not Malvolio, like a Mistress would normal call a servant- by their name, it must mean she is attracted to him. This is amusing because Malvolio has twisted and exaggerated one loose word from Olivias mouth in order to assure himself that she likes him. Malvolio feels after his exchange with Olivia that he has limed her; meaning he feels that he has caught her in his net and that she now adores him. Statements like this create comedy because the audience know they arent true, again bringing into the play the device of dramatic irony. It is ironic that he later says that everything adheres together and that nothing that can be can come between me and the full prospect of my hopes, because again this is entirely wrong- in actually fact, it is only his way of thinking that makes everything seem to adhere together. Once again, Malvolios utter hopelessness and the fact that he is totally oblivious to how wrong he is would invoke laughter, as well as perhaps sympathy. Malvolios soliloquy provides a perfect opportunity for Shakespeare to underline and elaborate the fact that Malvolio is so obsessed with Olivia that he refuses to face the fact that she doesnt like him. The letter had a part to play in this as it convinced him that his love was requited. On top of this, the very image of Malvolio standing alone, wearing such ridiculous clothing and ranting wildly about how obvious it was that Olivia loved him, would be very amusing on its own- another example of visual comedy. In conclusion, Shakespeare uses many different comic devices throughout Act 3 Scene 4 and the whole of Twelfth Night- a lot of which can be identified in other Shakespearean comedies. After reading through the text, I have come to the conclusion that the use of comic props and the role of the fool are the most effective, and two of the most important, comic devices used throughout the play, especially in Act 3 Scene 4. The letter faked by Maria is essential to a lot of the humour in the scene, and sets up perfectly the dramatic irony of Malvolios belief that Olivia loves him. I feel that the letter is a prop that acts as a cornerstone for the sub plot- a central comic device that culminates in the hilarity and chaos of Malvolios dressing cross gartered, whilst flirting outrageously with the shocked and confused Olivia. The role of the fool is also a vital comic device because

Peripheral Arterial Disease

Question: A patient 75 years old who attended to a podiatry clinic complaining pain in the left foot he was treated for his Onychomadesis Onychomychosis nails problem and was giving advice to come back after 6 months. The patient is at high risk and has a peripheral arterial disease. Include medical history, types of medicament he is taking, what assessment has to do for him? Answer: Patient is suffering from peripheral arterial disease or also called peripheral vascular disease in which the peripheral arteries become narrow. Peripheral arteries are artery other than those which supplies blood to heart and brain. Medical history of patient: Patient is suffering from peripheral arterial disease which specially affects the legs of the sufferer. Due to these legs start paining a lot when walking or standing which gets better on rest (1). Other symptoms which arose are ulcers in skin, poor nail and may be growth of hair in the leg region. The patient here is suffering from Onychomadesis Onychomychosis in which he is experiencing poor nail condition and completely loss of nail called onychomadesis and infection of fungus on nail called onychomychosis. This condition of patient may be due to intake of cigarette smoking which is main reason for peripheral artery disease; other reason may be diabetes, high blood pressure, hypertension or high blood cholesterol. Types of medication Medication as given to this patient includes statins, some cilostazol and ACE inhibitors. Aspirin do not help patients with mild illness but is very effective on patients with severe disease. Some changes in routine may help by stopping cigarette smoking at all, control blood sugar levels and cholesterol with doing regular exercises like brisk walking, treadmill etc. Assessment for patient Patient suffering from such condition is assessed by test called ankle brachial pressure index called ABPI/ABI (2). This test is measured to know blood pressure difference between foot and other body part, when the blood pressure of the ankle is found less or lower than the blood pressure in the hands; than it indicates that there is a blockage in the artery which provides blood from heart to ankle. Normal range is 1.00 to 1.4. If patient gets reading less than 0.90 than he is suspected with this disease. If reading comes to be 0.40 or less than to it than condition is found very severe. References 1. Diagnosis and Treatment of Peripheral Artery Diseases, European Society of Cardiology (2011) 2. Peach G, Griffin M, Jones KG, et al; Diagnosis and management of peripheral arterial disease. BMJ. 2012 Aug 14;3

A Case Study on Healthcare and Social care Essays

A Case Study on Healthcare and Social care Essays A Case Study on Healthcare and Social care Paper A Case Study on Healthcare and Social care Paper This paper will focus on Moses who is a twelve year old boy, born in a family of three in Australia, him being the first born he is found to be suffering from the autistic illness which is regarded as a developmental disability believed to occur in early three years of a child’s life. This disability comes up as a result of a neurological disorder that actually disturbs the normal functioning of the brain which thereafter impairs the development of an individual’s communications and interaction abilities thus making the individual develop a learning disability Usually this disorder comes with different impairments on different children. Neurological disorders like autism in some other instances can be very severe, and during such chronic stages it is usually debilitating thus resulting to inability of the child affected to perform the usual routine practices for example learning matters effectively and efficiently. (Francesca, 1994) The symptoms of this disorder may be poor concentration, being temperamental and sleep disorders. Such worries and anxiety causes major stress and may cause bad image in the societal aspect as well as in the work-related environment contexts and other significant parts of operation in an individual’s daily life. We can also deduce that such turbulences caused by psychological disorders including autism are not related however to other psychological causes such as drug abuse or medical conditions that might be related to this kind of anxiety. (Graff, Green and Libby, 1998) Profile on Moses From the research conducted we find that Moses has not been able to access better health care, as a result of a poor socio-economic background and also the stigmatization he faces from the whole community, in addition to this poverty, substandard housing, poor nutrition, low levels of education, unhealthy environment and their respective beliefs about the medical care, care seeking, behaviors, disparity in patient preferences for treatment and willingness of patients to adopt behaviour recommendations by health personnel such as the use of medication. These factors has led to his family members to prefer using traditional medicines, since they believe that the traditional doctors are said to have a greater influence in their society research indicate that the traditional doctors in this community are said to be providing more accessible and more familiar health care options which at many times turn out to be a practice in vain, this is because they do not have accurate information on the autistic disease, thus making it difficult for Moses to respond to the medications which after wards worsen the sickness, thus increasing the needs of the his family. Moses is found to be facing stigmatization in his community this factor has actually brought damages to this boy’s life, since he is regarded as disadvantaged and discriminated against, on other grounds such as, social and economic backgrounds of his family. This Stigma is normally said to have reinforced ignorance and fear, allowing prejudice to thrive, and the uncaring behaviour to go unchanged among his family members. (Moses family) Discussion Research indicates that autism is stated to be among the five neurological disorders referred to as Pervasive Developmental Disorders that is said to be carrying a severe and pervasive impairment in a number of development parts of an individual. Autism disorder mostly affects young children like Moses and in most cases it has been reported to be chronic or severe between the ages of one to three years. According to the Center for Disease Control Prevention carried out in the 2007, it was found that an estimation of two in three hundred births many children are believed to be affected by autism and the cases are still reported to be rising. As a neurological disorder it symbolizes an array of psychiatrist states whereby emotional suffering is manifested in the form of bodily, mental and psychological troubles and in many instances physical indications are seen. However, it should be noted that the ultimate indication is that of manifestation of this disorder which may develop to be severe to the child in the long-term. Many medical scientists have come to an agreement that children suffering from such disorders usually have poor capability to adjust to new environment, incapability to alter his/her life patterns and more specifically the lack of ability to build up a comfortable, more pleasing and a more comprehensive personality that he/she desires to live in just like what Moses is undergoing. Indeed autism disorder impairs the child’s communication system which may affect him/her negatively in the future in the ordinary course of life. Medical scientists’ under this research report that the most common disorder as a result of autism is that of speech referred to as aphonia whereby an individual cannot communicate loudly but only can whisper while speaking. The other common disorder associated with autism is that of mutism whereby it also lies under the category of speech disorder and in many cases it is difficult to be diagnosed and for all this reasons the child is faced with a learning disability. (Guralnick, 1998) Reference Interview: Moses family in Australia (2008) Band, R (1998) The NHS health for all people with learning disabilities and health care Retrieved from: http://pb.rcpsych.org/cgi/reprint/24/10/368 Accessed on 2008-05-27 Birchenall, M and Birchenall, P (1998) Sociology as applied to nursing and Health care. London: Bailliere Tindall Bolton, P., Macdonald, H. and Pickles, A. (1994): A case-control family history study of autism. Journal of Child Psychology, Psychiatry 35 Vol 5 Burgess, A. and Gutstein, S. (2007): Quality of life for people with autism- Raising the standard For evaluating successful outcomes Child Adolescent Mental Health 12 Vol 2

Cultural Narrative Essay - An Essential Learning Tool

Cultural Narrative Essay - An Essential Learning ToolA cultural narrative essay PDF sample can be used by a student to develop his or her own style, ideas and style of writing. A student can edit the sample so that it includes his or her own personal style as well as a unique narrative of the events in his or her life.The digital version is much better for students because they can easily print out the essay and get it into their notebooks and college books. Also the digital version allows the student to print many times and store the hard copy where it can be easily accessed.A culture is not a group of people who share one common culture, but rather, it is a collection of behaviors, beliefs, and beliefs. Students are encouraged to write essays using their own perspectives. A narrative is one of the most important aspects of the essay because it provides context, establishes the relationship between the author and reader, provides information about the author, and sets the stage for the rest of the essay.Digital versions of these works are perfect for use at home or when a student has limited computer access. They are user friendly and contain all the formatting you need to publish the file online. Students can also download the file from the school's website. Also, this format is often referred to as 'zipped' because it is easy to open and read in an archive program.Students can keep a digital version on their personal computer, so that they have an easy reference for different assignments and readings. By the time the student finishes a project or assignment, he or she can use the sample essay as a basis for developing their own narrative style.Because the digital version allows the student to rework the material, some students find that it is more creative and inspiring than the original work. The unique voice of the writer is integrated in the digital version as well as the author's original ideas.This format is beneficial for students who want to develop a unique voice as well as an original way of delivering information. Students can make notes, create new ideas, and learn to write well without writing essays. Students can utilize the essay sample as a resource to enhance their own personal writing style and narrative style.

Personal Essay on Changing Schools Essays

Personal Essay on Changing Schools Essays Personal Essay on Changing Schools Essay Personal Essay on Changing Schools Essay When I found out I was changing schools I felt like my whole world was going to end. I did not want to leave my old school and my friends. My dad received a job opportunity and was transferred to another state so my family and I did not have a choice but to go. So much anxiety built up inside as I realized that I had to make new friends at a new school. Also, being aware that I had to retake a class because some of my credits did not transfer. When I did began my first week of school my whole life changed for the better. On the first day of school I cruised into class thinking to myself, â€Å"I can most likely make this new school thing work.† The first desk I saw was open so I sat in it. The teacher called me to the front of the class. I was really nervous as the palm of my hands became sweaty as I walked to the front of the class. She politely stated, â€Å"Class we have new student. Her name is Sarahlyn Argrow.† I went back to my desk with a smile on my face. When t he bell rang I went to my next class which was economics. Economics was one of the classes I had to retake because it didn’t transfer over from my other high school. I met my best friend till this day Leya Ferguson in my economic class. As I am sitting in the front of the class a girl came and sat in the desk right next to me. â€Å"Hey what is your name? Are you new here?† she questioned. â€Å"Hi my name is Sarahlyn Argrow and yes I am new here.† I delightedly replied. We continued the conversation. We both were able to get to know each other very well. We started going to the movies, mall, and just hanging out. We got along well. We even tried out for the cheerleading team together; an experience I will never forget! We both made the team and have been the close of friends ever since. Making new friends wasn’t as hard as I thought it was going to be. Making the cheerleading team came with a lot of great things. The team was very nice and they welcomed me onto the team with open arms. I became captain and so did my friend Leya. Coming onto the cheerleading I thought it was going to be hard to find my place on a new team. I was used to being around with the girls at my old school. However, the transition was very easy and I became comfortable very quickly. When I changed to a new school my perspective changed on the situation. I made a great best friend that is still my best friend. I made the cheerleading team and made more amazing friends. I had to retake a class but exceeded in it so it was not bad at all. Thinking back on it, if I had not changed schools I do not know how my life would be like. I realized that sometime good things come out of change and a lot good things came out of my situation. From my experience through this journey I learned that when something changes it can be for the better and not always for the worse. So I am thankful till this day.